1. Cell Structure & Function

2. History 1630s- First microscope was invented
1665- Robert Hooke observed a thin piece of cork under a microscope
Called the tiny compartments “cells” like the small rooms monks live in
1675- Anton van Leeuwenhook observed living organisms from a sample of pond water
Called them animalcules or “tiny animals”

3. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. 3

4. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

5. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

6. Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell
Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

7. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

8. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

9. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Plant
Animal

10. “Typical” Animal Cell

11. Different kinds of animal cells
white blood cell
red blood cell
cheek cells
sperm
nerve cell
muscle cell
Amoeba
Paramecium

12. “Typical” Plant Cell

13. Different kinds of plant cells
Onion Epidermal Cells
Root Hair Cell
root hair
Guard Cells

14. Cell Parts
Organelles

15. Organelles
Very small size
Can only be observed under a microscope
Have specific functions
Found throughout cytoplasm

16. Surrounding the Cell

17. Cell Wall Found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells
“THE WALL”

18. Cell Membrane Outer membrane Controls movement in and out of the cell
Made of phospholipids
“THE GATEKEEPER”

19. Inside the Cell

20. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane
Suspends the organelles

21. Nucleus Controls cell activities
Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
Contains genetic material – DNA
“THE BOSS”

22. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Protects genetic material
Nuclear Pores: Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus
“THE GUARDIAN”

23. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA
Contain instructions for traits & characteristics
“THE BLUEPRINTS”

24. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Manufactures ribosomes

25. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transportation system within the cell
Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface, transports protein
“THE HIGHWAY”

26. Ribosomes Make proteins Each cell contains thousands
Found on Rough ER & floating in cytoplasm
“PROTEIN FACTORIES”

27. Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
“POWERHOUSE”

28. Golgi Bodies ‘Packaging plant‘ for materials
Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell
“UPS GUY”

29. Lysosome Digestive 'plant'
Transports digested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
“GARBAGE MAN”

30. Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage Contains water solution
Help plants maintain shape
“WATER BALLOONS”

31. Chloroplast Found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll
Where photosynthesis takes place
“GREEN GUYS”

32. Aid the cell in division “CHURROS”
Centrioles
Found in animal cells
In pairs
Aid the cell in division
“CHURROS” 32

33. Provide support in animal & plants Made of protein
Cytoskeleton
Provide support in animal & plants
Made of protein 33

34. Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Relatively smaller in size
Relatively larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present

35. Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells
Vacuole small or absent
Large central vacuole
Nucleus in center of cell
Nucleus pushed to side of cell
Mitochondria for energy
Mitochonria & Chloroplasts

36. Similarities between plant cells and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria

37. Revolving nosepiece
Eyepiece
Body tube
Objective
Coarse adjustment
Clip
Fine adjustment
Arm
Condenser
Stage
Iris diaphragm
Condenser control knob
Mirror
Base