1. ABC policy Prioritizing the management of inventory according to the significance of each item’s annual dollar volume to the organization. Click here for Hint contract or ABC policy or linear averaging?

2. actual authority Authority specified explicitly, often in the job description. Click here for Hint actual authority or centralized organizational policy or implied authority?

3. apparent authority Giving the impression of actual authority without having actual authority. Click here for Hint actual authority or apparent authority or implied authority?

4. battle of the forms Determining which version of a contract has precedence. Click here for Hint implied authority or decentralized organizational policy or battle of the forms?

5. boilerplate In purchasing, standard terms and conditions of contract, covering major generic risks. Click here for Hint boilerplate or tender or smart seals?

6. business-to-business (B2B) Commercial transactions between organizations. Click here for Hint battle of the forms or business-to- business (B2B) or request for quotation (RFQ)?

7. business-to-consumer (B2C) Commercial transactions between an organization and individual consumers. Click here for Hint business-to-consumer (B2C) or business- to-business (B2B) or request for quotation (RFQ)?

8. centralized organizational policy Assigning decision making and authority to one individual or set of individuals within a larger organization. Click here for Hint actual authority or centralized organizational policy or implied authority?

9. collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) A business model where supply chain partners share information and plan jointly in inventory management. Click here for Hint collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) or supplier positioning or boilerplate?

10. commodity/category plans Consolidating related products or services to increase buying leverage. Click here for Hint supplier positioning or commodity/category plans or inbound logistics?

11. contract The total legal obligation among two or more parties. Click here for Hint contract or tender or counteroffer?

12. counteroffer An offer that is made in response to a previous offer. Click here for Hint contract or tender or counteroffer?

13. decentralized organizational policy Distributing decision making and authority to individuals or groups throughout a larger organization. Click here for Hint decentralized organizational policy or implied authority or ethics?

14. downstream Closeness to the end customer in the supply chain. Click here for Hint downstream or upstream or green?

15. electronic data interchange (EDI) The linking of two information systems from two different organizations to transfer data and conduct transactions. Click here for Hint electronic data interchange (EDI) or smart seals or business-to- business (B2B)?

16. ethics Principles governing conduct, delineating good from bad. Click here for Hint ethics or contract or green?

17. fourth-party logistics (4PL) Logistical consulting provided by a firm without logistical assets. Click here for Hint fourth-party logistics (4PL) or third-party logistics (3PL) or inbound logistics ?

18. functional organizational structure An organization of specialists grouped into distinct departments. Click here for Hint actual authority or centralized organizational policy or functional organizational structure?

19. green Assures sustainability. Click here for Hint downstream or upstream or green?

20. implied authority Authority an organization intends the agent to have. Click here for Hint implied authority or actual authority or apparent authority?

21. inbound logistics Management of flow into a facility or other system. Click here for Hint fourth-party logistics (4PL) or outbound logistics or inbound logistics?

22. lean Operating without waste. Click here for Hint green or lean or ethics?

23. linear averaging A numerically weighted evaluation method used in situations such as awarding contracts, selecting locations, or ranking candidates. Click here for Hint linear averaging or supplier positioning or commodity/category plans?

24. matrix organizational structure An organization that groups differing functions together according to requirements of the work. Click here for Hint functional organizational structure or decentralized organizational policy or matrix organizational structure?

25. offer To present a proposal for acceptance or rejection. Click here for Hint offer or counteroffer or tender?

26. outbound logistics Management of flow departing a facility or other system. Click here for Hint inbound logistics or outbound logistics or fourth-party logistics (4PL)?

27. petty cash A very small fund supporting incidental purchases. Click here for Hint contract or tender or petty cash?

28. procurement The acquisition of goods and services on behalf of an organization. Click here for Hint supplier positioning or supply chain or procurement?

29. purchase order (PO) A written offer to a supplier to buy a particular product in a particular quantity at a particular price. Click here for Hint purchase order (PO) or contract or petty cash?

30. purchasing agent A person empowered to buy on behalf of an organization. Click here for Hint sales representative or sales agent or purchasing agent?

31. radio frequency identification (RFID) The tagging of objects with devices that may be detected and interrogated for information by remote electronic readers, allowing identification and tracking without contact. Click here for Hint radio frequency identification (RFID) or smart seals or electronic data interchange (EDI)?

32. request for quotation (RFQ) An invitation to offer a price for a particular product or service. Click here for Hint tender or request for quotation (RFQ) or counteroffer?

33. resilience The ability of a system to adjust to or recover from a shock or sudden change. Click here for Hint resilience or sustainability or ethics?

34. sales agent A person empowered to bind a selling organization in contracts with buyers. Click here for Hint sales representative or sales agent or apparent authority?

35. sales representative A person who solicits orders but cannot bind the selling organization in contracts with buyers. Click here for Hint sales representative or sales agent or apparent authority?

36. smart seals Tamper-evident seals that guarantee shipments have not been tampered with after inspection at the port of origin. Click here for Hint radio frequency identification (RFID) or smart seals or electronic data interchange (EDI)?

37. spend analysis Collecting, classifying, and reporting the expenditures of an organization. Click here for Hint electronic data interchange (EDI) or commodity/category plans or spend analysis?

38. supplier positioning Classifying purchases according to the buyer’s annual procurement cost versus relative risk. Click here for Hint supplier positioning or supplier preferencing or spend analysis?

39. supplier preferencing Classifying a supplier by how it would likely view the buyer. Click here for Hint supplier positioning or supplier preferencing or spend analysis?

40. supply chain A system that includes every organization playing a role in supplying a particular product to a customer. Click here for Hint supplier positioning or supply chain or procurement?

41. sustainability The degree to which immediate activity does not incur greater costs in the long term. Click here for Hint downstream or sustainability or green?

42. tender Bid or cost provided to a potential buyer. Click here for Hint offer or counteroffer or tender?

43. third-party logistics (3PL) Outsourcing logistics activities to a provider. Click here for Hint third-party logistics (3PL) or outbound logistics or supplier positioning?

44. tier 1 supplier An organization’s immediate supplier. Click here for Hint tier 2 supplier or third-party logistics (3PL) or tier 1 supplier?

45. tier 2 supplier The supplier of an organization’s immediate supplier. Click here for Hint tier 2 supplier or third-party logistics (3PL) or tier 1 supplier?

46. upstream Closeness to the supplier in the supply chain. Click here for Hint downstream or upstream or green?

47. vendor-managed inventory (VMI) Transferal of ownership and management of inventory within a system to its external provider, who will be compensated after its use by the system. Click here for Hint vendor-managed inventory (VMI) or supplier positioning or third-party logistics (3PL)?