1. Cultural movement that draws from nature and its elements. The literature reflects a spontaneous overflow of feelings and imagination. “And behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads. And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth.” Rev. 12: 3-4

2.  “A literary movement, and profound shift in sensibility, which took place in Britain and throughout Europe roughly between 1770 and 1848. Intellectually it marked a violent reaction to the Enlightenment. Politically it was inspired by the revolutions in America and France…Emotionally it expressed an extreme assertion of the self and the value of individual experience…together with the sense of the infinite and the transcendental. Socially it championed progressive causes…The stylistic keynote of Romanticism is intensity, and its watchword is ‘Imagination’” (Drabble 842-843 [ The Oxford Companion to English Literature ])

3.  Before  Restoration (or Neoclassicism)  1660-1798  Order, reason, clarity, logic, scientific, universal experiences  Gulliver’s Travels  After  The Victorian Age  1833 – 1901  Depicting realism and naturalism (detail- loaded), optimism education, morality  A Tale of Two Cities

4.  Scientific observation of outer world; logic  Pragmatic (practical)  Science, technology  General, universal experiences  Optimistic about present  Moderation, self-restraint  Aristocratic; society as whole  Nature controlled by humans  Examine inner feelings, emotions, imagination  Idealistic (optimistic)  Mysterious, supernatural  Concerned with the particular (very specific)  Romanticizing the past  Excess, spontaneity  Concerned with common people and individuals  Felt nature should be untamed

5.  1775-1783: American Revolution (fighting ended in 1781)  1789-1815: French Revolution  1798: Publication of Lyrical Ballads  1798-1832: Romantic Period

6.  Child labor  Work houses  Poor houses  Steam engine  Poor sanitation  Orphans  Diseases  Overcrowding of cities

7.  William Blake  William Wordsworth  Samuel Taylor Coleridge  Percy Bysshe Shelley  John Keats  George Gordon, Lord Byron SHELLEY LORD BYRON KEATS WORDSWORTH

8.  William Blake  Claude Monet

9.  Mysterious  Supernatural  Darkness  Castles  Flickering candles  Graveyards, wild mountains  Terror

10.  Characterized by grotesque characters, bizarre situations, and violent events.  Possibly inspired by local gothic architecture  Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein  Gothic writers are still considered Romantics in their interest in emotion, nature and the individual. Go

11.  Imagination  The sublime  The particular  The remote  The primitive  Egotism  The East  Nature  Irrational experiences (dreams and drugs)  Awareness of process and current conceptions of art and introspection  Longing for the infinite encounter through intense experiences of sublime nature (storms, mountains, oceans)

12. Wrote Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience Visionary and engraver Themes of child vs. adult Contrasting states of human condition Harsh view of authority and parents

13.  Meant to be sung. The poet addresses the reader directly and states his own feelings and emotions.  Examples: “I Wandered lonely as a Cloud’ by Wordsworth

14.  Narrative story  Frame story  Allegory  Themes: ◦ Sin and Redemption ◦ Respect for Nature ◦ Pride ◦ Suffering Rime of the Ancient Mariner

15.  Definition: “A sonnet is a poem of fourteen lines, usually iambic. There are two prominent types: the Petrarchan and the Shakespearean.”  Example “Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley