1. Operational Intelligence Preparation of the Environment
(OIPE) Brief:
Nepal
TEMPEST EXPRESS 28
10-18 March 2016

2. Agenda
What is Operational Intelligence Preparation of the Environment (OIPE)?
OIPE for Nepal:
Geography;
Weather and Hazards;
Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, Infrastructure, Physical and Time (PMESII-PT);
Actor and Stakeholder Analysis;
Troop Contribution Country Military Resources;
Humanitarian Situation.
Scenario Brief

3. What is OIPE?
OIPE: A continuous activity that assists Commander’s Appreciation Process during all phases of planning and execution of multinational operations.
OIPE provides foundation for Commander’s Situational Assessment
A key CTF planning principle is: “Before any problem solutions can be identified the problem must first be clearly understood.
Understanding the problem(s) preventing attainment of the assigned military end states is essential for the CCTF to accurately understand the situation.
OIPE is a modification of the Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment (JIPOE) which includes:
Baseline analysis of the traditional intelligence concerns of enemy, weather, terrain;
Added considerations that political, military, economic, social, infrastructure, and information dynamics have on the operational environment.

4. What is OIPE?
This briefing will provide an overview of the OIPE for this workshop.
A complete OIPE study is located in digital form on each laptop in your planning groups.

5. Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
OIPE: Nepal
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal

6. Nepal within the Region

7. Geography Mountainous, landlocked country:
Terai (flat river plain) of the Ganges in the south;
Central hill region;
Rugged Himalayan Mountains in the north.
Contains 8 of world’s 10 highest mountain peaks.
Area: 147,181 sq. km (56,827 sq. miles).
Slightly smaller than Bangladesh.
Slightly larger than State of Arkansas.
Elevations above sea level:
Lowest: Kanchan Kalan 70 m (223 feet);
Highest: Mt. Everest 8,848 m (29,029 feet).

8. Demography Total population (2015): 31,551,305 Sex ratio:
1.04 males/females
Age structure:
0-14 yrs.: 30.72%
15-24 yrs.: 22.52%
25-54 yrs.: 36.5%
55-64 yrs.: 5.67%
65+ yrs.: 4.6%
Median age: yrs.
Population growth rate: %
Urbanization:
Urban: 18.6%
Rural: 81.4%
Major urban center (2015): Kathmandu 1,183,000

9. Weather and Hazards Weather: Variable based on location:
North: Cool summers and severe winters;
South: Subtropical summers and mild winters.
Hazards:
Earthquakes;
Landslides;
Severe thunderstorms;
Flooding;
Drought and famine depending on timing, intensity and duration of summer monsoons.

10. PMESII-PT (Political)
Type: Federal, democratic republic
Capital: Kathmandu
Administrative subdivisions: 7 Provinces with 75 Districts.

11. PMESII-PT (Political, cont.)
Executive:
Chief of State:
President Bidhya Devi Bhandari;
Head of Government: Prime Minister Khadga Prasad Oli;
Council of Ministers.
Legislative: Unicameral
Sambidhan Sabha (Constituent Assembly)
601 seats
Judicial:
English Common Law and Hindu legal concepts
Courts;
Supreme Court
Appellate courts
District courts
National Disaster Management Authority: Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA)
Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee (CNDRC);
Regional Natural Disaster Relief Committee (RNDRC)
District Natural Disaster Relief Committee (DNDRC)
Local Natural Disaster Relief Committee (LNDRC)

12. PMESII-PT (Military & Security)
Nepal Army
Approx. 95,000 active duty officers and soldiers.
Includes the Nepal Army Air Service.
6 Divisions:
Far-Western;
Mid-Western;
Western;
Central;
Eastern;
Valley;
Headquarters.
3 Independent Brigades:
Aviation
Parachute
Security
Nepal Armed Police Force:
Approx. 40,000
Nepal Police

13. PMESII-PT (Economic) Agricultural-based economy
75% of labor force in the agricultural sector
Agricultural products: Pulses, rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, jute, root crops, milk, water buffalo meat
Industries: Tourism, carpets, textiles, small rice, jute sugar and oilseed mils, cigarettes, cement and brick production
Exports: Clothing, pulses, carpets, textiles, juice, jute products
Imports: Petroleum products, machinery and equipment, gold, electrical goods, medicine
Annual gross domestic product (GDP, 2014) US$ billion
Annual GDP per capita (2014): US$ 2,400
GDP real growth (2014): 5.4%

14. PMESII-PT (Social) Ethnic groups: Chhettri 16.6% Brahman-Hill 12.2%
Magar 7.1%
Tharu 6.6%
Tamang 5.8%
Newar 5.0%
Kami 4.8%
Muslim 4.4%
Yadav 4.0%
Rai 2.3%
Gurung 2.0%
Damai/Dholii 1.8%
Thakuri 1.6%
Limbu 1.5%
Sarki 1.4%
Teli 1.4%
Chamar/Harijan/Ram 1.3%
Koir/Kushwaha 1.2%
Other 19.0%

15. PMESII-PT (Social, cont.)
Languages:
Nepali (official) 44.6%
Maithali 11.7%
Bhojpuri 6.0%
Tharu 5.8%
Tamang 5.1%
Newar 3.2%
Magar 3.0%
Bajjika 3.0%
Urdu 2.6%
Avadhi 1.9%
Limbu 1.3%
Gurung 1.2%
Other 10.4%
Unspecified 0.2%

16. PMESII-PT (Social, cont.)
Religions:
Hindu 81.3%
Buddhist 9.0%
Muslim 4.4%
Kirant 3.1%
Christian 1.4%
Other 0.5%
Unspecified 0.2%

17. PMESII-PT (Information)
Literacy rate (2015 est.): 63.9%.
Television (2008):
2 state-owned television stations;
9 broadcast stations and 9 repeater stations.
Radio (2008):
AM: 6 stations;
FM: 80 stations;
Shortwave: 4 stations.
Telephones (2014 est.):
Fixed lines: 840,000 (3 per 100 inhabitants)
Mobile cellular: million (75 per 100 inhabitants)
Internet users (2014 est.): 3.8 million (12.1% of population)

18. PMESII-PT (Infrastructure)
Airports: 47
Paved runways: 11
Over 3,047 m (over 10,000 ft.): 1
1,524 to 2,437 m (5,000 to 8,000 ft.): 3
914 to 1,523 m (3,000 to 4997 ft.): 6
Under 914 m (3,000 ft.): 1
Unpaved runways: 36
1,524 to 2,437 m (5,000 to 8,000 ft.): 1
Under 914 m (3,000 ft.): 29
Railways: 53 km (33 miles), narrow gauge
Roadways: 10,844 km (6,738 miles)
Paved: 4,952 km (3,077 miles)
Unpaved: 5,892 km (3,661 miles)

19. PMESII-PT (Infrastructure, Airports)
Source: Nepal Air Traffic Controllers’ Association,

20. PMESII-PT (Infrastructure, Airports)
Tribhuvan
International Airport
(Kathmandu)
Runway: 3050m X 50m, metallic;
Elevation: m
Source: Nepal Air Traffic Controllers’ Association,

21. PMESII-PT (Infrastructure, Airports)
Terai / Low-land Airports:
Biratnagar Airport:
Runway: Paved, 1,524 X 30m;
Elevation: 72 m.
Bhairahawa Airport:
Runway: Paved, 1,524 X 30 m;
Elevation: 109 m.
Bharatpur Airport:
Runway: Grass/gravel, 1,158 X 30 m;
Elevation: 183 m.
Chandragadhi Airport:
Runway: Paved, 1,524 X 36 m;
Elevation: 91 m.
Dhangadhi Airport:
Runway: Grass, 1,524 X 30 m;
Elevation: 210 m.
Janakpur Airport:
Runway: Paved, 1,066 X 30m;
Elevation: 78 m.
Mahendranagar Airport:
Runway: Grass, 884 X 30 m;
Elevation: 198 m.
Meghauli Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 1,067 X 46 m;
Elevation: 183 m.
Nepalgunj Airport:
Runway: Paved, 1,524 X 30 m;
Elevation: 165 m.
Rajbiraj Airport
Runway: Grass, 1,280 X 46 m;
Elevation: 76 m.
Simara Airport:
Runway: Paved, 1,219 X 46 m;
Elevation: 137 m.
Tikapur Airport:
Runway: Grass, 549 X 30 m;
Elevation: 243m.
Source: Nepal Air Traffic Controllers’ Association,

22. PMESII-PT (Infrastructure, Airports)
Remote / Hilly Airports:
Balewa Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 610 X 30 m;
Elevation: 1,012 m.
Bhojpur Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 533 X 30 m;
Elevation: 1,067 m.
Baitadi Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 500 X 30 m;
Elevation: 1,280 m.
Bajhang Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 640 X 30 m;
Elevation: 1,250 m.
Bajura Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 573 X 30 m;
Elevation: 1,311 m.
Chaurjahari Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 488 X 30 m;
Elevation: 762 m.
Doti Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 427 X 30 m;
Elevation: 640 m.
Darchula Aerodrome:
Grass, 590 X 30m;
Elevation: 650 m.
Dang Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 832X 36 m;
Gorkha Aerodrome
Runway: Grass, 1,097 X 46 m;
Elevation: 457 m.
Jiri Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 366 X 18 m;
Elevation: 1,830 m.
Kalikot Aerodrome:
Under construction.
Source: Nepal Air Traffic Controllers’ Association,

23. PMESII-PT (Infrastructure, Airports)
Remote / Hilly Airports (cont.):
Kamalbazaar Aerodrome:
Under construction.
Kangeldanda Aerodrome:
Lamidanda Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 518 X 30 m;
Elevation: 1,250 m
Masinechaur Aerodrome:
Pokhara Aerodrome:
Runway: Paved, 1,433 X 30 m;
Elevation: 827 m.
Rolpa Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 457 X 30 m;
Elevation: m.
Rumjatar Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 549 X 30 m;
Elevation: 1,524 m.
Ramechaap Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 518 X 30m;
Elevation: 474 m.
Sanfebagar Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 427 X 30 m;
Elevation: 695 m.
Salley Aerodrome
Runway: Grass, length not stated;
Elevation: Not stated.
Surkhet Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 1,036 X 30 m;
Elevation: 732 m.
Tumlingtar Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 1,219 X 46 m;
Elevation: 518 m
Thamkharka Aerodrome:
Under construction.
Source: Nepal Air Traffic Controllers’ Association,

24. PMESII-PT (Infrastructure, Airports)
Remote / High Altitude Airports:
Dhorpatan Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 366 X 30 m;
Elevation: 2,728 m.
Dolpa Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 457 X 30 m;
Elevation: 2,500 m.
Jomsom Aerodrome:
Runway: Paved, 610 X 30 m;
Elevation: 2,682 m.
Jumla Aerodrome:
Runway: Paved, 670 X 30 m;
Elevation: 2,591 m.
Lukla Aerodrome:
Runway: Paved, 488 X 30 m;
Langtang Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 421 X 30 m;
Elevation: 3,658 m.
Mugu Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, length not stated;
Elevation: Not stated.
Manang Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 610 X 30 m;
Elevation: 3,353 m.
Syangboche Aerodrome
Runway: Grass, 405 X 30 m;
Elevation: 3,748 m.
Simikot Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 549 X 18 m;
Elevation: 2,818 m.
Taplejung Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass/gravel, 594 X 30 m;
Elevation: 2,377 m
Phalplu Aerodrome:
Runway: Grass, 670 X 30 m;
Elevation: 2,431 m.
Source: Nepal Air Traffic Controllers’ Association,

25. PMESII-PT (Infrastructure, Road Network)

26. PMESII-PT (Physical & Time)
Physical: Distances from Tribhuvan International Airport to:
Auckland, NZL 11,780 m
Bangkok, THA 2,232 km
Colombo, LKA 2,356 km
Dhaka, BGD 663 km
Dubai, UAE 2,994 km
Heathrow Arprt, GBR 7,367 km
Honolulu, HI, USA 11,315 km
Kadena AFB, OKI 4,188 km
Narita, JPN 5,220 km
Incheon, ROK 3,970 km
Subang, MYS 3,230 km
Sydney, AUS 9,755 km
Tamuning, GUM 6,333 km
Time:
Nepal Time Zone (NPT)
UTC + 5:45

27. Scenario Brief Epicenter 8 March 2016 at 22:15 NPT
A violent, magnitude Mw 8.6 / MMI IX intensity earthquake strikes western Nepal.
Earthquake releases 15 X the energy of the 2015 Ghorka earthquake.
Epicenter located near Kanda, Bajhang District
Affected area from High Himalayas in north to Terai, India, in the south.
Epicenter
Kathmandu
Based on UN-OCHA Logistics Planning Clusters Meetings: A Possible Earthquake for Nepal
(T. Robinson, et al., Durham U., )

28. Scenario Brief Epicenter 8 March 2016, post-Earthquake
Local citizens and response agencies begin immediate response actions.
Government of Nepal, Nepalese Army and in-country humanitarian agencies begin initial assessments and response operations.
Epicenter
Kathmandu
Based on UN-OCHA Logistics Planning Clusters Meetings: A Possible Earthquake for Nepal
(T. Robinson, et al., Durham U., )

29. Scenario Brief
9 March 2016
Government of Nepal, Nepalese Army and in-country humanitarian agencies continue damage and needs assessments, response operations and sharing disaster information.
Initial reports estimate:
Damage:
Extensive damage from Kathmandu Valley to western border;
Fatalities:
Greater than 175,000;
Injuries:
Greater than 2 million;
Persons displaced;
Greater than 4.5 million;
Households collapsed or damaged :
Greater than 750,000; and
Persons affected:
Greater than 7 million.
Based on UN-OCHA Logistics Planning Clusters Meetings: A Possible Earthquake for Nepal
(T. Robinson, et al., Durham U., )

30. Scenario Brief 9 March 2016 (cont.)
09:00 NPT: Infrastructure operational assessment reports:
Tribhuvan International Airport :
Minor damage to some facilities due to localized areas of liquefaction but airport fully operational.
Runway sound and fully operational.
No refueling of aircraft available; all aircraft must carry sufficient fuel for return flights.
Other Airports: Assessments on-going.
Roadways:
Reports of some roadways being impassable due to surface damage, collapsed or damaged bridges and / or landslides.
Assessments on-going.

31. Scenario Brief 9 March 2016 (cont.)
12:00 NPT – Government of Nepal conveys that it will accept offers of international disaster response assistance, including use of MCDA.
13:00 + NPT:
MPAT Nations offer assistance to Nepal and begin internal processes to provide disaster relief, including their internal processes for use of MCDA.
Humanitarian Country Team (HCT):
Convenes to begin coordination of needs assessments and response operations in support of Government of Nepal.
Activates the Cluster System for response operations.

32. Scenario Brief: Clusters Leads and Co-Leads
Government of Nepal Lead
Humanitarian Country Team Co-Lead
Camp Coordination & Management (CCCM)
Min. of Urban Development (MoUD)
International Organisation for Migration (IOM)
Early Recovery Network
Min. of Foreign Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD)
UN Development Programme (UNDP)
Education
Min. of Education (MoE)
UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
Emergency Shelter
Int’l Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Socieites (IFRC)
Emergency Telecommunications (ETC)
Min. of Information and Communication Technology (MoIC)
World Food Programme (WFP)
Food Security
Min. of Agricultural Development (MoAD)
World Food Programme (WFP) / Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAO)
Health
Min. of Health (MoH)
World Health Organisation (WHO)
Logistics
Min. of Home Affairs (MoHA)
Nutrition
Protection
Min. of Women, Children and Social Welfare (MoWCSW) / National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
UN Population Fund (UNFPA)
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH)

33. Scenario Brief: Inter-cluster Group Leads
Inter-cluster Groups
Lead(s)
Community Engagement Working Group
Resident Coordinator Office (RCO)
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Emergency Cash Coordination Group (eCCG)
Private Sector Liaising
Emergency Communications Group (ECG)
UN Information Centre (UNIC)
Assessment Working Group
Gender Working Group
United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UNWomen)
Information Management Group
Access and Infrastructure Working Group
World Food Programme (WFP)

34. Scenario Brief
10-12 March 2016
Government of Nepal, Nepalese Army and HCT / humanitarian agencies continue assessments, response operations and sharing of information.
Governments of MPAT Nations begin mobilizing personnel and assets to respond in support of Government of Nepal response efforts. MPAT Nations’ advance planners arrive in Kathmandu 11 & 12 March 2016.
Government of Nepal requests supporting MPAT Nations and responding humanitarian agencies meet with responding Government agencies in Kathmandu to begin coordinated planning of the response.

35. Scenario Brief
13 March 2016
Government of Nepal, Nepalese Army, HCT/humanitarian agencies and planners from MPAT Nations meet in Kathmandu to begin coordinated planning of international response operations in support of the Government of Nepal.

36. NEOC Casualty and Damage Reports
Scenario Brief
NEOC Casualty and Damage Reports
as of 17:00, 12 March 2016
Fatalities:
253,040
Injuries:
3,076,238
Displaced Persons:
6,868,418
Affected Populations:
10,183,826
Collapsed or damaged households:
1,529,370
Based on UN-OCHA Logistics Planning Clusters Meetings: A Possible Earthquake for Nepal
(T. Robinson, et al., Durham U., )

37. Scenario Brief: Fatalities
As of 17:00, 12 March 2016:
Total 253,040
10 Worst Affected Districts:
Kaski 13,200
Kathmandu 10,560
Dhading 10,560
Tanahun 10,120
Glumi 9,240
Syangja 8,800
Baglung 8,800
Achham 8,360
Dailekh 8,360
Palpa 8,360

38. Scenario Brief: Injuries
As of 17:00, 12 March 2016:
Total 3,076,238
10 Worst Affected Districts:
Kaski 143,880
Dhading 124,520
Chitwan 119,680
Tanahun 118,800
Kathmandu 112,200
Kailali 109,560
Glumi 108,680
Syangja 104,720
Baglung 102,960
Achham 100,320

39. Scenario Brief: Displaced Persons
As of 17:00, 12 March 2016:
Total 6,868,418
10 Worst Affected Districts:
Kathmandu 313,720
Kaski 309,320
Chitwan 291,280
Kailali 275,440
Dhading 257,840
Tanahun 246,840
Nawalparasi 224,400
Glumi 223,960
Syangja 218,240
Baglung 212,960

40. Scenario Brief: Collapsed & Damaged Households
As of 17:00, 12 March 2016:
Collapsed 713,434
Damaged 815,936
Total 1,529,370
District
Collapsed
Damaged
Total
Kaski
40,480
43,120
83,600
Kathmandu
30,800
51,040
81,840
Chitwan
29,040
39,600
68,640
Tanahan
31,680
62,480
Dhading
29,920
59,840
Syangja
27,280
54,560
Gulmi
26,400
53,680
Kailali
21,120
51,920
Baglung
25,520
Gorkha
24,640
49,280

41. Scenario Brief: Affected Persons
As of 17:00, 12 March 2016:
Total 10,183,826
10 Worst Affected Districts:
Kaski 466,400
Kathmandu 436,480
Chitwan 418,880
Dhading 392,920
Kailali 390,280
Tanahun 376,200
Glumi 341,440
Syangja 331,760
Baglung 324,720
Nawalparasi 317,680

42. OIPE Brief: Nepal