1. Introduction to SimpleScalar Tool Set CPEG323 Tutorial Long Chen September, 2005

2. Outline ● Why this tutorial? ● What is SimpleScalar Tool Set? ● Where to get it? ● How to install it? ● How to use it? ● Demo

3. Why This Tutorial? ● Course Labs and projects are based on SimpleScalar tool set. ● It will help you develop the ability to practice what you learned in class.

4. Outline ● Why this tutorial? ● What is SimpleScalar Tool Set? ● Where to get it? ● How to install it? ● How to use it? ● Demo

5. What is SimpleScalar Tool Set? A Complete Computer Architecture Test Bed ● Simulators ● Compiler, assembler, linker ● Targeted to the SimpleScalar PISA architecture ● A source–level debugger.

6. A Computer Architecture Simulator Primer ● What is an architecture simulator? – A tool that reproduces the behaviors of a computer device ● Why use a simulator? – Leverage faster, more flexible S/W development cycle Device Simulator System input System output System metrics

7. Simulators ● sim-fast-> a very fast functional (i.e., no timing) simulator ● sim-safe-> the minimal functional SimpleScalar simulator ● sim-profile-> a program profiling simulator ● sim-cache-> a multi-level cache simulator ● sim-cheetah-> a single-pass multi-configuration cache simulator ● sim-bpred-> a branch predictor simulator ● sim-outorder-> a detailed out-of-order issue performance (timing) simulator with a multi-level memory system

8. Compiler & Other Utilities ● Compiler: ported from GNU gcc ● Assembler: as ● Linker & Loader: ld ● Binary Utilities: ar, nm, objdump, objcopy, ranlib, size, strings, strip,... ● C library: pre-built glibc-1.09

9. Outline ● Why this tutorial? ● What is SimpleScalar Tool Set? ● Where to get it? ● How to install it? ● How to use it? ● Demo

10. Where to Get It? ● simplesim-3v0d.tgz: SimpleScalar simulator source code; ● simpletools-2v0.tgz: gcc compiler and glibc; ● simpleutils-2v0.tgz: binary utilities; Obtain tar balls from www.simplescalar.com or www.capsl.udel.edu/courses/cpeg323/2005/ www.simplescalar.com www.capsl.udel.edu/courses/cpeg323/2005/

11. Outline ● Why this tutorial? ● What is SimpleScalar Tool Set? ● Where to get it? ● How to install it? ● How to use it? ● Demo

12. Preparation ● Logon the Linux machine in the Computer Lab, 132 Evans Hall ● Create an empty directory in you home directory, say, “$HOME/simplescalar/” ● Copy all three tar balls to that directory. ● cd $HOME/simplescalar/ ● tar xzvf simplesim-3v0d.tgz ● tar xzvf simpletools-2v0.tgz ● tar xzvf simpleutils-2v0.tgz

13. Directories ● simplesim-3.0/: the sources of the SimpleScalar simulators. ● binutils-2.5.2/: the GNU binary utilities code, ported to the SimpleScalar architecture. ● sslittle-na-sstrix/: the root directory for the tree in which little- endian SimpleScalar binary utilities and compiler tools will be installed. The unpacked directories contain header files and a pre-compiled copy of libc. ● ssbig-na-sstrix/: the same as above, except that it holds big- endian staffs. ● gcc-2.6.3/: the GNU C compiler code, ported to SimpleScalar architecture. ● glibc-1.09/: the GNU libraries code, ported to SimpleScalar architecture.

14. Build GNU Binary Utilities ● cd $HOME/simplescalar/binutil-2.5.2 ●./configure --host=i386-\*-gnu/linux -- target=sslittle-na-sstrix --with-gnu-as --with-gnu- ld --prefix=$HOME/simplescalar ● make ● make install Build & Install Steps - 1

15. Build Simulators ● cd $HOME/simplescalar/simplesim-3.0 ● make config-pisa ● make Build & Install Steps - 2

16. Build the Compiler ● cd $HOME/simplescalar/gcc-2.6.3 ●./configure --host=i386-\*-gnu/linux -- target=sslittle-na-sstrix --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld - -prefix=$HOME/simplescalar ● make LANGUAGE=c ●../simplesim-3.0/sim-safe./enquire -f >! float.h- cross ● make install Build & Install Steps - 3

17. Got Error Messages! ● Do not panic! Try to solve these problems by yourself first. You will gain valuable experience in this procedure. ● If you REALLY need help, please refer to the appendix of the simplescalar build memo. ● If you STILL have difficulty to install the tool set, you might seek help from TA.

18. Check Your Installation ● Check $HOME/simplescalar/bin for the complier, assembler, linker, and other binary utilities. – Write simple program to verify it ● Check $HOME/simplescalar/simplesim-3.0 for simulators – cd $HOME/simplescalar/simplesim-3.0 – make sim-tests

19. Outline ● Why this tutorial? ● What is SimpleScalar Tool Set? ● Where to get it? ● How to install it? ● How to use it? ● Demo

20. How to Use it? ● Write program – Write C code. – Or, just write assembly code (you will learn how to do it in the following lectures) ● Compile the source code – sslittle-na-sstrix-gcc –o foo foo.cC code to binary code – sslittle-na-sstrix-gcc –o foo.s –S foo.cC code to Assemble code – sslittle-na-sstrix-gcc –o foo foo.sAssemble code to binary code ● Use the simulator to run the binary code – sim-fast foo – …

21. Hints for Lab1 ● Do Problem 2 first ● Generate the assembly code from C code ● Investigate the assembly code ● Try to modify the assembly code by your own (for Problem 1) ● Compile the modified assembly code, run the binary code, find the difference between outputs

22. Outline ● Why this tutorial? ● What is SimpleScalar Tool Set? ● Where to get it? ● How to install it? ● How to write program for it? ● Demo

23. SimpleScalar Demo