1. Warm-Up Question
The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is most closely related to the
spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarki
Asian flying frog, Polypedates leucomystax
northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens
African bullfrong, Pyxicephalus adspersus

2. The 6 Kingdoms Of
Living Things

3. Important Terms to Compare
Prokaryotic (no nucleus or membrane bound organelles) vs. Eukaryotic cell (nucleus and organelles)
Heterotrophic (gets food from other source vs. Autotrophic(makes own food )
Asexual (1 parent)vs. sexual (2 parent) reproduction

4. Important Terms, cont. Volvox sp.
Multicellular vs. single or unicellular
Types of multicellular existance
1. Colonial organization—group of cells that are permanently associated, but do not communicate with each other.
Volvox sp.

5. Multicellular, cont.
2. Aggregations—a temporary collection of cells that come together for a short time and then separate.
Plasmodial slime mold—when starved they come together to produce spores which can be dispersed to distant locations.

6. Multicellular, cont.
3. True Multicellular—cells that are permanently associated.
Levels of multicellularity
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems,
and Organism

7. Domains

8. This phylogenetic tree, based on rRNA sequences, demonstrates the division of all living things into three broad domains.

9. The 6 Kingdoms
Of Life

10. Archaebacteria Life’s Extremists…
Cell Type: Prokaryotic
Cell Structure: Cell walls without peptidoglycan.
Body type: Unicellular
Nutrition: Usually autotrophic, but may be heterotrophic.
Other: Live in extreme environments: hot, salt, high acidity, very alkaline
Other: Reproduction by binary fission

11. Eubacteria Cell Type: Prokaryotic
Cell Structure: Cell wall with peptidoglycan
Body Type: Unicellular
Nutrition: Heterotrophic and Autotrophic
Other: Many are disease causing
Reproduce by binary fission
Decomposers

12. Protista Cell Type: Eukaryotic
Cell Structure: Some have cell walls and some do not
Body Type: Unicellular or colonial (multicellular)
Nutrition: Heterotrophic and autotrophic.
Other: Examples: Protozoa, Algae, Slime Mold, and Water Mold, Giant Kelp
Eukaryotes that do not fit anywhere else go here
Includes many types of plankton—zoo and phyto
Many have cilia or flagella (flagellum)

13. Fungi Cell type: Eukaryotic cells Cell Structure: Cell wall of chitin
Nutrition: Heterotrophic by absorption
Body type: Multi-cellular except for yeast
Other: Examples include mushrooms
Decomposers

14. Plantae Cell Type: Eukaryotic cells
Cell Structure: Cell walls of cellulose
Body Type: multicellular
Nutrition: Autotrophic by photosynthesis
Other: Chloroplasts in many cells

15. Animalia Cell Type: Eukaryotic Cells Cell Structure: No cell wall.
Body type: Multi-cellular
Nutrition: Heterotrophic by ingestion
Other: Invertebrate (no backbone) vs. vertebrate (backbone)