1. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION and ENLIGHTENMENT

2. Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who is best known for the astronomical theory that the Sun was near the center of the universe. This theory is called the heliocentric or sun-center theory of the universe.

3. QUOTES At rest, however, in the middle of everything is the sun. Nicolaus Copernicus Finally we shall place the Sun himself at the center of the Universe. Nicolaus Copernicus First of all, we must note that the universe is spherical. Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus

5. Geocentric Theory

6. Heliocentric Theory

7. Galileo Galilei Galileo was an Italian scientist, whose work in the 17th century helped unlock many secrets of astronomy and natural motion. Galileo's achievements include: –building the first high-powered telescope –inventing a horse-powered pump to raise water; –coming up with the ideas behind Newton's laws of motion;Newton's –confirming the Copernican theory of the solar system. Because he believed that the planets revolved around the sun, and not the EarthCopernican Galileo was denounced as a heretic by the church in Rome. He faced the Inquisition and was forced to renounce his beliefs publicly or die. He was put on house arrest the rest of his life.

8. QUOTES All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them. Galileo Galilei You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him discover it in himself. Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei

11. Johann Kepler Using Math, he was first to accurately describe the orbit of Earth and the planets around the Sun. He demonstrated that planets move fastest when they are closest to the Sun. He confirmed Copernicus’s Heliocentric Theory using Math

14. Issac Newton This English scientist described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for mechanics, and is the basis for modern engineering. universal gravitationlaws of motion mechanics He showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural lawscelestial

17. John Locke He said we all have NATURAL RIGHTS: Life, Liberty, and Property. Governments purpose is to PROTECT these rights. He also said government gets its power from “the consent of the governed”. His ideas are in our Declaration of Independence.

22. VOLTAIRE He said people should be able to speak their mind without fear of punishment. FREEDOM OF SPEECH

26. Jean-Jacques ROUSSEAU He wrote a book called “THE SOCIAL CONTRACT”=an agreement between Society and its Government He said all people are created equal, and title should be abolished. He pushed for FREEDOM for ALL.

29. Baron de MONTESQUIEU He said there should be 3 branches of government that are kept in CHECK by each other He created the idea of 3 branched of Government, and the Checks and Balances.