2. Neoclassical theory Just deserts Retribution Incapacitation

3. Deterrence theory What do the empirical tests show? Death penalty issues Length of prison term effects Policing practices (KC studies) Broken windows theory

4. The Boston model Operation ceasefire Problem oriented policing What about boot camps?

5. Rational choice theory Cost benefit analysis Do humans always make rational decisions?

6. Routine Activities theory Target suitability Guardianship Lifestyle approach

7. Situational Crime prevention techniques Crime prevention through environmental design NIMBY effect

8. Early Biological Theories Phrenology Atavism Physical deficiencies Body type

9. Biosocial contributions Family influences Twin studies Adoption studies Molecular genetics Environmental influences (smoking, drinking, drugs, lead, diet/nutrition) Low self-control

10. Sociological theories Roles, group and institutional level Social organization/disorganization Socialization factors Culture and subcultures

11. Conflict theory Conflict is a central part of social life Power and politics are also part of social life Those in power make the rules/laws The unempowered or disenfranchised are coerced into complying with the rules established by those in power

12. Study of crime over the life course Career criminal case studies Study of chronic offenders Age-crime curve Developmental criminology

13. Continuity (trait) theory Low self control Continuity and Change theory Possibility to change Continuity or change theory Different types of offenders Lifecourse theories

14. Repeat offender programs Intelligence led policing Three strikes laws Unintended consequences Prevention and Rehabilitation Early Intervention Criminal Justice Reponses

15. Community level Drugs, firearms, violence, poverty Family level Substance abuse, violence, teen pregnancy School level Anti-social behavior, dropouts Individual level Peer delinquency, early problem behavior Risk factors

17. Cybercrime Digital piracy Audio and video Cyberpornography (emails) Identity theft Phishing emails Cyberbullying catfishing How we deal with technology

18. What can we do to protect ourselves? Public wifi spots Passwords Privacy controls Credit report monitoring

19. Characteristics of terrorism No rules No innocents Efficiency Publicity Meaning No long term clarity?

20. Domestic vs. International Terrorism Domestic Oklahoma city bombing 1995 Earth liberation front International World Trade Center bombing 1993 Sept. 11, 2001

21. Paradigmatic view Naturalistic (Science) Interpretive (Culture) Critical (Politics/Power)

22. Naturalistic Objective factors Typologies US Dept of Justice data

23. Interpretive Cultural meaning Religion as Truth Socialization processes Media Significant cultural dates

24. Islamic justice Islamic law (Shari’ah, “path of God”) Involves a sacred trust Mutual respect Strong Social bonds Command from God

25. Critical History Political alliances Ethnocentrism US Lifestyle Powerless to powerful

26. Towards the Future End of Invulnerability End of Maximum privacy End of Political Indifference Limitations on civil liberties? Cyberterrorism