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Modern Genetics Review Chapter 6
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Which of the following represent ways in which traits can be passed to offspring? A) single gene with two alleles B) single gene with one allele C) single gene with multiple alleles D) many genes A, C, D * What controls variations in skin color among humans? A) single gene with two alleles B) single gene with one allele C) single gene with multiple alleles D) many genes D
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Which of the following is an example of a trait controlled by a single gene with two alleles? A) Blood Type B) Height C) Earlobes C Which of the following is an example of a trait controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles? A) Blood Type B) Height C) Earlobes A
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Which of the following is an example of a trait controlled by many genes? A) Blood Type B) Height C) Earlobes B Which alleles for blood types are considered dominant? A and B are co-dominant If both parents of a child have type B blood, what might their child’s blood type be? A) A only B) B only C) O only D) A or O E) B or O E
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The ___________ carry genes that determine whether a person is male female. sex chromosomes T/F - If a person has XY allele combination that means they will be female. false - male Traits that are carried on the X or Y chromosomes are called _____________. sex-linked traits T/F – A person that has one allele for a trait but does not exhibit the trait is called a pedigree. false - carrier
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Why are sex-linked genes more common in males than in females? A) All alleles on the X chromosome are dominant B) All alleles on the Y chromosome are recessive C) A recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the trait in a male because the Y is not able to mask a trait on the X. D) Any allele on the Y chromosome will be co-dominant with the matching allele on the X chromosome. C
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Many characteristics are affected by genes and A) chromosomes B) the environment C) alleles D) carriers B * When a person inherits genes that cause an abnormal condition it is known as… a genetic disorder * List the four types of genetic disorders discussed in the book. Cystic Fibrosis Sickle-Cell Disease Hemophilia Down Syndrome Sex linked genes are found on which chromosome(s)? X and Y
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Name the Disorder An extra copy of chromosome 21 Down Syndrome Production of abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines Cystic Fibrosis Blood does not clot well due to lack of hemoglobin Hemophilia Blood cells are abnormally shaped. Which causes a lack of oxygen and clogged blood vessels. Sickle-Cell Disease Caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome. Hemophilia
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A family tree or chart that tracks which family members have a particular trait is called a pedigree Name the significance of the following symbols on a pedigree Circle female half colored carrier no color no trait square male fully colored has trait
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List three tools used to diagnose genetic disorders. pedigree, Punnett square, karyotype What is a karyotype? a picture of the chromosomes in a cell List three ways a person with a genetic disorder could be helped. medical care, education, job training What is the cause of genetic disorders? DNA mutations or changes in chromosomes
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What are three methods for developing organisms with desirable traits selective breeding, cloning, genetic engineering What are two types of selective breeding? inbreeding and hybridization What is the term for an organism that has the exact same genetic make-up as another organism? clone When genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism it is called genetic engineering
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Name the Genetic Technique Cutting a stem from a plant and putting it in the ground to create another plant cloning * Crossing two individuals that have a similar trait to insure that you will have more offspring with that desirable trait. inbreeding Producing insulin by inserting human insulin in the plasmid of a bacteria genetic engineering Crossing two genetically different organisms to make an even better organism. hybridization
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What is gene therapy? the process of inserting copies of genes directly into a person’s cells What might be a problem with genetic engineering? We are not sure of the long term effects. It could cause health problems in the long run To create bacteria that produce insulin, a section of DNA is inserted into a bacterium’s_____ plasmid
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