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Chapter 35 Stroke. Stroke: occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted by a clot in a artery or other vessel. When this occur brain cells begin.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 35 Stroke. Stroke: occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted by a clot in a artery or other vessel. When this occur brain cells begin."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 35 Stroke

2 Stroke: occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted by a clot in a artery or other vessel. When this occur brain cells begin to die and brain damage occurs.

3 Statistical Data In the U.S., there are approximately 700,000 new strokes per year and 500,000 new transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the US and the leading cause of disability. Stroke will cost the US an estimated $62.7 billion dollars in 2007.

4 Risk Factors Modifiable –Hypertension –Obesity –Tobacco Use –Elevated Cholesterol Non-Modifiable –Age –Male Gender –Family History –Ethnicity

5 Pathophysiology When blood flow is interrupted the brain can not get the glucose or oxygen it needs. The mitochonria that rely on O2 can not produce the ATP needed to maintain the electrical state of the neuron. This change in the electrical state cause communication between cells to cease, as well as trigger apoptosis.

6 Two Major Types of Strokes Ischemic stroke: blood flow to the brain region is interrupted due to a blockage in the artery. –Accounts for the majority, approximately 80-85%. –Caused by direct blockage or a clot from elsewhere Hemorrhagic stroke: is due to a rupture of the blood vessel. –There are two types: intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) and as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) –Is a result of such things as hypertension, bleeding disorders, tumors, and amyloid vascular disease.

7 Symptoms of Stroke Inability to move or feel parts of the body (face, arm, hand or leg) on one side Inability to speak or understand speech Any loss of vision (in one eye or to one side) Double vision Dizziness/vertigo Confusion Sudden severe headache

8 Treatment: Time is Tissue Stroke if caught early (3-6 hours) can be treated with clot dissolving medication tPA (tissue plasminogen activator). At present, only about 5-10% of acute stroke patients will receive tPA therapy.

9 Racial/Ethnic Considerations In the US, African Americans have a nearly 2 times higher occurrence of first time stroke than Caucasians and have 1.5 times greater death rates from stroke than Caucasians. Atherosclerosis also affects different groups at different sites. –In Caucasians, the common site is the carotid artery in the neck. –In African Americans, intracranial arteries are more commonly involved.


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