1. PREVENTING SLIPS, TRIPS & FALLS Bureau of Workers’ Comp PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) 1PPT-034-02

2. What we’ll Discuss Types of Falls Causes of Falls Prevention Methods/Measures Getting on/off Equipment Falling Properly Hazard Detection PPT-034-022

3. Slips, Trips, & Falls – Public Enemy #1? OSHA estimates slips, trips, and falls cause approximately 15% of accidental deaths. Second only to motor vehicle accidents. Account for between 12-15% of Worker’s Comp costs. Average cost for one disabling injury now approaching $30,000. 3PPT-034-02

4. Two Types of Falls On same level: high frequency, low severity From elevations: low frequency, high severity 4PPT-034-02

5. Causes Wet, slippery, oily floors/stairs. Loose irregular surfaces such as rocks. Insufficient light. Uneven walkways or sidewalks. 5PPT-034-02

6. More Causes Shoes with slick soles or raised heels. Moving too fast. Carrying items (impair balance, obstruct vision). Objects on the floor (e.g. paperclips, food). 6PPT-034-02

7. More Causes Poor housekeeping. Loose handrails. Uncovered/unguarded pits/floor openings. Improper ladder usage. 7PPT-034-02

8. Safe Ladder Use? Of course not! In this case two people could be injured. 8PPT-034-02

9. and More Causes Shifting floor tiles. Not watching while walking/moving. Spilled liquids. Cords across walkways. 9PPT-034-02

10. What to Do? Prevent! 10PPT-034-02

11. Prevention - What to Do Four Steps: (1) Find the problem/hazard (2) Check it out (3) Fix it (4) Look at it again 11PPT-034-02

12. Step 1 – Find the Problem Is the area wet, slippery, or cluttered? Are employees moving too quickly? Is the area poorly lit? Are stairs steep or in poor condition? Step up due to raised floor 12PPT-034-02

13. Any Problems Here? Exit/Walkway Cluttered; More Lighting Needed 13PPT-034-02

14. Step 1 (Continued) Are handrails present? Are there unguarded edges/openings? Does layout make a slip, trip, fall situation? Are there cords across the walkway? 14PPT-034-02

15. What about This? Walkway cluttered; Cords across 15PPT-034-02

16. Step 2 – Check it Out Is the problem area near moving machinery or is the area high traffic? Is the area properly lit? Are employees wearing proper footwear? 16PPT-034-02

17. Which is Safer for Work? These shoes are much safer! 17PPT-034-02

18. Step 2 (Continued) Are “wet floor” signs in place? Are floors being mopped ½ at a time? Is walking surface more slippery due to its construction? Is area outside and subject to weather? 18PPT-034-02

19. Step 3 – Fix It If possible, eliminate or control the hazard immediately (e.g. having spills wiped up). If not possible, take steps to alert people and then determine what can be done to eliminate or control the hazard. 19PPT-034-02

20. If can’t Fix Quickly, Alert People to the Hazard 20PPT-034-02

21. Step 4 – Look at it Again Ensure the hazard/problem was repaired, eliminated, or controlled. Does the area have to be checked periodically to ensure the hazard/problem does not return? Determine if any training is required for affected employees. Should appropriate signage be posted? 21PPT-034-02

22. Fall Prevention Signs 22PPT-034-02

23. Prevention Measures Put yellow lines on the floors in warehouse/storage areas to identify walkways/working spaces. Store objects on shelves or in cabinets, not in aisles/walkways. Train employees not to run. Ensure aisles/walkways are kept clear and unobstructed. 23PPT-034-02

24. Prevention Measures Yellow Lines Indicate Walkway Keep walkways clear & unobstructed 24PPT-034-02

25. More on Prevention Educate employees to wear proper footwear and not to run or move quickly while walking. Have leaks/spills cleaned up quickly. Place “caution tape” on uneven/drop off areas. Develop and put into place a ladder safety and inspection program. 25PPT-034-02

26. Wearing Proper Footwear Wear shoes with slip-resistant soles or traction devices when walking or working on surfaces that are wet, greasy, icy, or otherwise slick (e.g., in kitchen areas, performing custodial work). No footwear has anti-slip properties for every condition – select the proper type of footwear for the work conditions and the type of flooring or walking/working surface. Steel-toed safety boots with oil-resistant soles Slip-resistant traction devices for snow and ice that fit over the soles 26PPT-034-02

27. Stair Safety Non-slip treads on stair edgesReflective edging on last step 27PPT-034-02

28. More Prevention Fixed ladders = securely attached to the structure and should support a minimum of 250 lbs. Fixed ladder rungs should be a minimum of 16” wide and a maximum of 12” apart. When working above 4’ (General Industry) or 6’ (Construction) employees should use appropriate fall protection and be trained on its proper use. 28PPT-034-02

29. and More Prevention Have “wet floor” signs posted where necessary. Thoroughly investigate all slips, trips, and falls. Apply “non-skid” coating or place “non-skid strips” in areas where floors are likely to be slippery or wet. Encourage employees to report hazardous situations as soon as possible. 29PPT-034-02

30. Slip Prevention NON-SKID STRIPS SLIP RESISTANT COATING 30PPT-034-02

31. More Prevention Train employees that only the operator should ride on a vehicle designed for one person. Inspect walking/working surfaces regularly. Educate employees to use handrails when walking on stairs. Train employees not to place cords across walkways. One person only! 31PPT-034-02

32. and Even More Prevention Instruct employees to pick up objects that have fallen on the floor (e.g. food, paper clips, etc.). Have carpets, rugs, and mats secured to the floor and tape down raised ends. Always close file cabinet drawers. Do not place delivery carts in the middle of an aisle or walkway. 32PPT-034-02

33. Mounting/Dismounting Equipment Safely Maintain three-point contact at all times while getting onto/off the equipment until reaching ground, cab, or stable platform. Do not jump off when dismounting or getting off the bed of a truck or other part of the equipment. Step down carefully while facing equipment (reverse order of the pictures above). Three-point contact : –one hand, two feet –two hands, one foot 33PPT-034-02

34. Summary There are two types of falls = on the same level and from an elevation. Train employees to look for slip/trip/fall hazards. Situations that are identified as hazardous should be corrected as soon as possible. Ensure walkways & stairways are well lit. Prevent, prevent, prevent! 34PPT-034-02

35. Falling “Properly” ROLL WITH THE FALL; DON’T REACH OUT. LET YOUR BODY CRUMPLE AND ROLL. BEND YOUR ELBOWS AND KNEES AND USE YOUR LEGS AND ARMS TO ABSORB THE FALL. GET MEDICAL ATTENTION AFTER A FALL TO TREAT ANYTHING TORN, SPRAINED, OR BROKEN. IF YOU DO FALL, YOU CAN REDUCE THE CHANCE OF SERIOUS INJURY IF YOU: 35PPT-034-02

36. Next – What do you See? 36PPT-034-02

37. You Make the Call! Safe or Not? NO!!!! Employee standing on bucket on top step of ladder-fall could injure 2 people. 37PPT-034-02

38. Problem or Not? Definite Problem! Very Unsafe! 38PPT-034-02

39. What may have Happened? Running down stairs? Not using handrail? Shoelaces untied? Object on stairs above? 39PPT-034-02

40. Is there a Problem Here? YES! Man standing on moveable stairs held up by forklift- very dangerous! 40PPT-034-02

41. Is this Safe? Absolutely NOT! This is a fall waiting to happen! 41PPT-034-02

42. You’ve got to be Kidding! 42PPT-034-02

43. Last but not Least 43PPT-034-02

44. Contact Information Health & Safety Training Specialists 1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324 Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501 (717) 772-1635 RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa.gov 44 PPT-034-02 Like us on Facebook! - https://www.facebook.com/BWCPATHS https://www.facebook.com/BWCPATHS

45. Bibliography http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic- 2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=20040877&f1=NN&View=e http://www.bergenerlaw.com/slip-and-fall-accident- statistics/ https://www.osha.gov/.../fy07/sh-16625- 07/slipstripsfalls.ppt Dr. W. Monroe Keyserling, Ph.D. 2000 Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) 45 PPT-034-02

46. Bibliography Industrial Safety & Occupational Health Markets 5th edition U.S. Department of Labor, 2011 National Safety Council, 2002: http://www.nsc.org/safety_home/HomeandRecreati onalSafety/Falls/Pages/Falls.aspx US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2002 46 PPT-034-02

47. Any Questions 47PPT-034-02