1. HOUSE DRAINAGE MEHTA ANJANI PRAFULBHAI = 140203106007
Prepared by:
MEHTA ANJANI PRAFULBHAI =
ODIYA PAYAL MADHUBHAI =
PATEL KHUSHALI MAHESHBHAI =
Submitted to: Kiran mem

2. House drainage :- The principles and procedure
House drainage :- The principles and procedure to be followed while constructing and laying sewer lines in private buildings are referred as ‘house drainage ’.
Aims :-
To maintain healthy condition in the building .
To dispose off waste water as early and quickly as possible .
To avoid the entry of foul gases from the sewer or the septic tank .
To facilitate quick removal of foul matter.
To collect and remove waste matters systematically .

3. Principles of house drainage :-
It advisable to lay the sewers by the side of the building rather than below the building .
All the drain should be laid straight between inspection chambers, avoiding sharp bends and junction as far as possible .
The house drain should be connected to the public sewer only when the public sewer is deeper than the house drain in order to avoid reverse flow from the public sewer to the house drain .
House drainage should contain enough traps at suitable points for its efficient functioning .

4. The joints of sewer should be properly tested before putting the drainage line to use .
Lateral sewer should be laid at proper gradient so that they can develop self cleansing velocity.
The size of drain should be sufficient , so that they do not overflow at the time of maximum discharge .
The layout of house drainage should permit easy cleaning and removal of obstructions .
The entire system should be properly ventilated from the starting point to the final point of disposal .
All the materials and fittings of the drainage system should be hard , strong and resistant to erosion action . They should be non-absorbent type .

5. Definition :-
Sewage :- The term sewage is to indicate the liquid wastes from the community . It includes discharge from bathrooms , kitchen , washing places , wash basins , latrines , urinals , industrial wastes and storm water .
Sullage :- Sullage is used to indicate the waste waters from bathrooms , kitchens , washing places , wash basins , etc.
Sewerage :- The entire science of collecting and carrying sewage by water carriage system through sewer , is known as sewerage .

6. Sewer :- An underground pipe or conduit which carries sewage is called sewer .
Vent pipe :- The pipe installed for the purpose of ventilation is known as vent pipe .
Plumbing system :-Plumbing system is the entire system of piping's , fixtures , pipelines , etc . For providing water supply or drainage to the building .
Sewerage system :- A system of sewers of different types and sizes in a town collecting wastewater from the town and carrying it to the waste water treatment plant .

7. Rainwater pipe :- It is a pipe which carries only the rainwater .
Trap :- The which is connected at the end of the soil pipe or waste pipe to stop the entry of foul gases inside the building is known as trap .
Water seal :- The vertical distance between the crown and the dip of the trap is known as water seal . This portion always remains full of water . Generally , the water seal varies from 75 mm to 100 mm .

8. Traps :-
The device which is connected at the end of soil pipe or waste pipe to stop the entry of foul gases inside the building is known as trap . It is a bent pipe in the shape of ‘u’ which always remain full of water .
Causes of failure of water seal :-
Faulty joints
Crack in the bottom of seal
Creation of partial vacuum in the sewer fittings
Increase in the pressure of sewer gases
Non-use for a prolonged period
Prevention:-
Connecting the portion between the soil pipe and trap by a vent pipe .
Use of anti- siphonage pipe in the building

9. Requirement of a good trap :-
It should possess a adequate water seal at all times .
It should be not absorbent material .
The internal and external surface should have smooth finish so that dirt , etc. Does not stick to it .
It should be free from any inside projection , angles , contractions, so that flow is not obstructed.
It should be self cleansing .
It should be simple in construction , cheap and readily available .
It should be provided with suitable access for cleaning.

10. Classification of traps :-
Classification according to shape :
P – trap
Q – trap
S – trap

11. Classification based on use :
Floor trap or nahni trap :
A floor trap a commonly known as a nahni trap is used to collect wash water from floor, kitchen and bathrooms . It forms the starting point of waste water flow. It is generally made of cast iron .

12. Gully trap :
these are special type of traps which disconnect sullage drain from the main drainage system . A well designed gully trap serve two or three connections from the nahni trap .

13. Intercepting trap :
The intercepting trap is also known as disconnecting trap or interceptor . It is provided at the junction of the house drain with the public sewer or septic tank . It is thus provided in the last man hole of the house drainage system.

14. Pipes :-
Soil pipe : it is the pipe carrying sewage from urinals , water closet , etc.
Waste pipe : it is pipe carrying from bathrooms , kitchen , sinks etc. It does not carry human excreta.
Vent pipe: the pipe installed for the purpose of ventilation of the system is known as vent pipe .
Rain water : it is a pipe which carries only the rain water .
Antisiphonage pipe : a pipe which is installed in the house drainage to preserve the water seal of the traps is known as antisiphonage pipe .
Ventilating pipe : the ventilating pipe enables the foul gases of sewage to be safely discharge in to the atmosphere .

15. Sanitary fittings :-
Wash basin
Sinks
Bath tub
Water closet
urinals
Flushing cistern

16. System of plumbing :-
There are four principal system of plumbing for drainage of building :
Single stack system
One pipe system
Partially ventilated single stack system
Two pipe system

17. Single stack system :-
this is the simplest system, in which the waste matter from bathrooms , kitchen , sinks etc. As well as foul matter from the WC and urinals are discharged in one single pipe , called the soil pipe and waste pipe . This pipe terminates as the vent pipe at its top , and no separate vent pipe is provided .
One pipe system :-
in this system a separate vent pipe is provided and the traps of all water closet , basins, etc, Are commonly ventilated .

18. Partially ventilated single stack system :-
this is a modified form of the single stack system and one pipe system . In this system the waste from WC , basins , sinks , etc , is discharged in to one common soil and waste pipe .
Two pipe system :-
in this system separate soil pipe and waste pipe is provided . The discharged from WC is connected to soil pipe while the discharge from bath , sinks , lavatory basins etc. Are connected to waste pipe

19. Testing of drains and pipes :-
fter laying a house drains and fitting the pipes , their water tightness should be ascertained by applying various test . The drains are usually tested in section between successive chamber and vertical pipe are tested in groups having one common inspection chamber .
the following test are usually conducted :
Air test
coloured water test
hydraulic test
Smell test
smoke test

20. Maintenance of house drainage system :-
Entry of undesirable elements : Care should be taken to see that undesirable substances like grit , sand , decayed fruits , vegetables , pieces of clothes leaves , etc . Do not enter the system .
Flushing :- It is advisable to flush the system once or twice a day in order to maintain it in working condition .
Inspection :- Various unit of house drainage system should be inspected at regular intervals and the obstruction , if any , should be removed .
Quality of material :- Good quality material should be used .

21. Precaution in plumbing work :-
For all pipes , fitting , etc. Standard material should be used . Sub –standard material may caused leakage in pipe and fitting .
All the joints should be made water tight by wrapping jute thread and white lead paint in the threads , while screwing .
Over screwing of pipes , fittings , elbow , tee , sockets , cross etc . Should not be done to avoid cracks .
The pipes should be cut at right angle to the axis of the pipe .

22. Thank you