1. How do plants affect the climate?

2. How do plants affect our climate? 2) Earth’s temperatures are influenced by plants due to absorption of solar radiation (photosynthesis). 3) Plants increase humidity by absorbing water that is way below ground level and releasing it (by transpiration) to the atmosphere. 1) Plants purify & replenish our air & water (e.g. recycling CO 2, O 2 & soil/water nutrients)

3. How do plants affect our climate? 5) Plants influence microclimates (climates in a small area) by cooling, shading, etc. 4)Plants reduce flooding and desertification (erosion).

4. How do plants affect our climate? 6) Plants can emit volatile organic molecules. 4) Plants influence the microclimate (climate of small area) …affects Precipitation patterns

5. How do plants affect our climate? 7) Fires

6. Discussion Question #1: Which biomes are the most popular with people? Why?

7. Biome: Average number of plant species: Tropical Rainforest3200 Savanna1000 Chaparral2300 Desert1100 Temperate Grassland1400 Temperate Deciduous Forests 1900 Temperate Evergreen Forests 1600 Taiga800 Tundra400 July, 2005

8. 60 o N 30 o N Equator 30 o S

9. !Kung of Kalahari Desert Sherenti of Amazon Forest Desert Rainforest

11. Biome: Average number of plant species: Tropical Rainforest3200 Savanna1000 Chaparral2300 Desert1100 Temperate Grassland1400 Temperate Deciduous Forests 1900 Temperate Evergreen Forests 1600 Taiga800 Tundra400 What is the source of all this biodiversity? July, 2005

13. Discussion Question #2: What basic assumption (or philosophy or attitude) is at the core of scientific research?

14. Two Important Questions: “ Did life on earth always look the same as it does now? ” “ What generated all the diversity of life we currently see on earth? ”

15. 3 Basic Explanations for Earth’s Biodiversity: No Evolution (Creationism) Microevolution = relatively small changes over time...that’s all (Intelligent Design) Macroevolution = speciation (Charles Darwin et al. )

16. Charles Darwin Theory of Natural Selection

17. Resources that organisms compete for: Energy Nutrients Water Proper Temperature Space to live Reproduction (a mate) Safety

18. Ecological Niche: “how an organism attains and utilizes the resources of the environment” OR “The job, or profession, of an organism”

19. A brief description of Natural Selection: 1) Organisms within a population contain numerous natural variations for most characteristics (Morphological, Biochemical, Behavioral) 2) This variation is genetic (heritable)

20. Potato Tomato Fuchsia Holly

21. 3) Individuals within any population will produce more offspring than can survive on the resources available to them. The offspring will compete with each other, and with other species. Darwin and his wife had 10 children (3 died)

22. 4) Offspring that have genetic variations that are more favorable in a certain environment will survive and reproduce more than those that have less favorable variations. The genetic makeup of the population changes (evolves)…... Microevolution (and eventually Macroevolution) occurs.

23. 5) All of this variation is random. Also, changes in the environment are chaotic. So, natural selection yields exquisite adaptations that are quite independent of any ‘design’ process.

24. 3 relevant examples

25. We can see microevolution taking place: 1)The emergence of new strains of Influenza viruses every winter. 2) Evolution of new strains of HIV (AIDS) and Hepatitis viruses. 3) The advent of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria (like for tuberculosis). 4) Insects and weedy-plant species that have evolved the ability to resist chemical treatments designed to kill them.

26. Artificial Selection

28. Age of the Earth …. Gideon Society says earth was created in 4004 BC... Radioactivity dating says its 4.5 billion years old.… If we can develop different kinds of animals and crops in just a few thousand years, isn’t it hard to believe that nothing would change over millions of years?