1. Physical Properties p. 10 – 15
Chapter 1 Section 2
Vocabulary:
physical property
density
physical change

2. Physical Properties
A physical property of matter can be observed or measured
without changing the matter’s identity. Gathering information
about the matter by identifying its color, odor, mass or volume
do not change the property of the matter. For example, you don’t
have to change an apple’s identity to see its color or measure its
volume.
Other physical properties, such as magnetism, the ability to
conduct an electric current, strength, and flexibility, can help
someone identify how to use a substance

3. Examples of Physical Properties
Physical Property: a characteristic of a substance that does not
involve a chemical change, such as density, color or hardness

4. Density Density is a physical property that describes the relationship
between mass (g) and volume (mL). Density is the amount of
matter in a given space (or how much stuff can be crammed
into a specific amount of space).
A golf ball and a ping pong ball
have similar volumes, but a golf
ball has more than mass than a
ping pong ball does. So, the
golf ball has a greater density.

5. Liquid Layers The graduated cylinder contains six liquids. From
the top to the bottom they are: corn oil, water,
shampoo, dish detergent, antifreeze, and maple
syrup.
They can form six layers because of the
differences in density. The densest layer
is on the bottom and the least dense
layer is on the top. The order of the
layers shows the order of increasing
density.

6. The cotton balls and the tomatoes
have the same mass, but the cotton
is much less dense than the tomatoes.
The tomatoes would be less awkward
to carry around than the cotton balls.
The cotton balls are much less dense
than the tomatoes, so it takes a lot of
cotton balls to equal the mass of the
tomatoes.
Knowing the density of a substance can also tell you if the substance
will float or sink in water. If the density of an object is less dense
than the density of water the object will float. Likewise, a solid object
whose density is greater than the density of water will sink when the
object is placed in water.

7. Solving for Density
To find an object’s density (D), first measure the mass (m) using
a balance scale. Then find the volume (V) using a graduated
cylinder, L X W X H formula, or displacement method. Then use
the following equation to solve for density:
m Think of the following to remember the
D = V formula for finding density…
Density LOVES mass and Volume: D =
Can you see the m at the top of the heart?
Can you see the V at the bottom of the heart?
Units for density consist of a mass unit divided by a volume unit.
Some units for density are g/cm³ and g/mL. The volume of a solid
is given in cubic centimeters and the volume of a liquid is given in
mL.

8. Using Density to Identify Substances
Density is a useful property for identifying substances. Each
substance has a density that is different from the density of other
substances. The density of a substance is always the same at a
given temperature and pressure. Take a look at the densities of
several common substances…
Substance
Density (g/cm³)
Helium (gas)
Zinc (solid)
7.13
Oxygen (gas)
Silver (solid)
10.50
Water (liquid)
1.00
Lead (solid)
11.35
Pyrite (solid)
5.02
Mercury (liquid)
13.55

9. Physical Changes DO NOT Form New Substances!
A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical
properties of a substance without changing any chemical
properties. Imagine that a piece of silver is pounded and molded
into a heart shaped pendant. The change is a physical one because
only the shape of the silver has changed. The piece of silver is still
silver. Its properties are still the same.

10. Examples of Physical Change
Freezing water to make ice cubes
and sanding a piece of wood are
examples of physical changes.
These changes do not change the identities of the substances.
Ice is still water and sawdust is still wood. Another interesting
physical change takes place when certain substances dissolve in
other substances. For example, when you dissolve sugar in water,
the sugar seems to disappear. If you heat the mixture, the water
evaporates and you will have the sugar left at the bottom of the
cup, proving that the sugar is still there. The sugar went through
a physical change when it dissolved.

11. = Matter and Physical Changes
Physical changes DO NOT change the identity of the matter involved. =
If you make a figure from a lump of clay, you change the clay’s
shape and cause a physical change. but the identity of the clay
does not change. The properties of the figure are the same as
those of the lump of clay.

12. The Physical Changes Song

13. Quiz Time! 1. Name four physical properties.
color, shape, odor, mass, volume, texture, state, density,
thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility, solubility
2. What will happen to an object placed in water if the object’s
density is less than water’s density?
It will float
3. You have two objects, both a bout the size of an orange. Object
A has a mass of 1,487g, and Object B has a mass of 878g. Which
has the greater density? Why?
Both objects have the same volume (size of an orange), so
the object with more mass has the greater density.

14. 4. What is a physical change?
a change that occurs to a substance or object and that does
not change the identity of the substance
5. The units of density for a rectangular piece of wood are:
A. g/mm
B. cubic cm
C. kg/L
D. g/cm³ D
6. Name six physical changes that matter can go through.
breaking, melting, freezing, cutting, crushing, dissolving