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UNDER THE INTERNAL GUDIANCE OF: M.NAVEEN( M.Tech ) BY: N.KALAVATHI(07141A0403) S.SRINIVAS(07141A0426) V.MAHESH(07141A0439)

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Presentation on theme: "UNDER THE INTERNAL GUDIANCE OF: M.NAVEEN( M.Tech ) BY: N.KALAVATHI(07141A0403) S.SRINIVAS(07141A0426) V.MAHESH(07141A0439)"— Presentation transcript:

1 UNDER THE INTERNAL GUDIANCE OF: M.NAVEEN( M.Tech ) BY: N.KALAVATHI(07141A0403) S.SRINIVAS(07141A0426) V.MAHESH(07141A0439)

2 INTRODUCTION TO SOLID ROCKET MOTOR MAIN COMPONENTS OF A SOLID ROCKET MOTOR: The CASE. Propellant Grain. Thermal Insulation. The Ignition System. The Nozzle.

3 THE CASE: It is the metal made of high resistance steels and other composite materials like glass, carbon it is used to with stand internal pressure of 3-25pa. PROPELLANT GRAIN: It is the inner part of the rocket motor system. it is filled with free standing grains. THERMAL INSULATION: It is the combustion part its range is around 1500-3000k to with stand this high temperature the design determines the selection of material and thickness in various areas. THE IGNITION SYSTEM: This system brings the energy to the surface by the initiator booster charge &maincharge.

4 THE NOZZLE: This converts the pressure into super sonic exhaust by the convergent and divergent sections depending on this the speed depends FLEXJOINT/FLEX SEAL: As the movable nozzles are most efficient. The seals are coated with natural rubber and this flex seal is coated with adeprene coating to avoid water soaking. It uses deformation of doubly curved elastomeric layers between metal sheets to carry the loads and deflection. This flexible seal nozzle are used in launch vehicles and strategic missiles.

5 ATTITUDE OF A MISSILE: THRUST VECTOR CONTROL MECHANISM: It is to control& guidance of the missile. To compensate for flight disturbances & vehicle imperfections which will effect the missile attitude &stability To acquire flight trajectory. JET VANES & JET AVATOR & JET TABS: This were used in tactical missiles, average thrust loss is small. The loss is high when rotated in full scale and the loss is less when rotated in small scale. GIMBAL OR HINGE: Gimbal is a joint hinge permits to rotate in one direction engine is pivoted on a bearing

6 Measurement system Measurement systems are normally used to record and display the signal from transducers. It is used to find the overall system level requirements. Data channels are used to transmit the data to data acquisition system. Output is displayed in the form of analog as well as digital by using A/D converter and D/A converter.

7 SENSORS 1.A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal. 2.Sensor's sensitivity indicates how much the sensor's output changes when the measured quantity changes. A strain gauge is a device used to measure the strain of an object. The gauge is attached to the object by a suitable adhesive, such as cyanoacrylate

8 Strain Gauge Transducer. A strain gauge measures the external force (pressure) applied to a fine wire. The fine wire is usually arranged in the form of a grid. The pressure change causes a resistance change due to the distortion of the wire. The value of the pressure can be found by measuring the change in resistance of the wire grid. Physical operation: When an electrical conductor is stretched within the limits of its elasticity such that it does not break or permanently deform, it will become narrower and longer. Conversely, when a conductor is compressed such that it does not buckle, it will broaden and shorten.

9 As the wire is distorted by elastic deformation, its length is increased, and its cross sectional area decreases. Equation below shows the resistance relation. where: R = resistance of the wire grid in ohms K = resistivity constant for the particular type of wire grid L = length of wire grid A = cross sectional area of wire grid

10 As pressure changes, the bellows will either expand or contract. This expansion and contraction causes the attached slider to move along the slidewire, increasing or decreasing the resistance, and thereby indicating an increase or decrease in pressure. An increase in pressure at the inlet of the bellows causes the bellows to expand. The expansion of the bellows moves a flexible beam to which a strain gauge has been attached.

11 Strain Gage Installation

12 Examples of strain gauge applications: Torque measurement Bending and deflection measurement Compression and tension measurement Strain measurement Sensors for machines, automotive, research etc. Force measurement in machine tools Aerospace Impact sensors Dental sensors Medical sensors Automotive, motor sport Tension sensors Force on hydraulic or pneumatic press

13 APPLICATIONS: In biological measurements, especially blood flow / tissue swelling, a variant called mercury-in-rubber strain gauge is used. Fiber optic sensing can be employed to measure strain along an optical fiber. Capacitive strain gauges use a variable capacitor to indicate the level of mechanical deformation.

14 Errors and compensation: Zero Offset - If the impedance of the four gauge arms are not exactly the same after bonding the gage to the force collector, there will be a zero offset which can be compensated by introducing a parallel resistor to one or more of the gage arms. Zero Shift with temperature -If the TCGF of each gage is not the same, there will be a zero shift with temperature. Linearity - This is an error whereby the sensitivity changes across the pressure range. Hysteresis - This is an error of return to zero after pressure excursion. Repeatability - This error is sometimes tied-in with hysteresis but is across the pressure range.

15 LOAD CELLS: A load cell is a transducer which converts force into a measurable electrical output. This conversion is achieved by the physical deformation of strain gages which are bonded into the cell beam and wired into a wheatstone bridge configuration. => The method of operation can involve either the use of a weight balancing mechanism or the detection of the force developed by mechanical levers => The wheatstone bridge circuit is ideal for measuring the resistance changes that occur in strain gages => Pneumatic load cells are sometimes used where intrinsic safety and hygiene are desired, and hydraulic load cells are considered in remote locations, as they do not require a power supply.

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17 Load Cell Operating Principles: Load cell designs can be distinguished according to the type of output signal generated (pneumatic, hydraulic, electric) or according to the way they detect weight (bending, shear, compression, tension, etc.)

18 Load cells installation

19 Compression Load Cells-ideal for mounting where space is restricted. S-Beam Load Cells-include tank level, hoppers & truck scales Low Profile Load Cells-frequently in weighing research & online force monitoring. Platform and Single Point Load Cells-commercial &industrial weighing systems. Compression/Tension Load Cells-ideal for space restricted environments. Bending Beam Load Cells-tank weighing & industrial process control. Canister Load Cells-in single &multi-weighing applications. Styles of load cells

20 LVDTS It is a low voltage differential transducer. Its functionality is to convert the pressure to analog data or to current or voltage or serial data. lvdts

21 INCLINOMETERS Inclinometers are used to find the slope, elevation or inclination or declination of an object with respect to gravity. Output is converted by using sin of that value.

22 QUERIES

23 THANKING YOU


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