1. George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush

3. George H.W. Bush’s Domestic Policy  Election of 1988  Republicans nominated Bush, Reagan’s vice-president  Bush won, but margin of victory not as large as originally believed  Domestic programs  Civil Rights Act of 1991  “Read my lips no new taxes!”  Democratic Congress and Republican Congress often gridlocked

4. George H.W. Bush’s Foreign Policy  End of Cold War  One by one, nations of Eastern Europe overthrew their Communist governments  Provinces that comprised the Soviet Union also declared independence  Global economy  Administration pushed for economic liberalization  Redefinition of “National Security”  Help to bring democracy to Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala  Overthrow of Manuel Noriega in Panama, December 1989  New World Order

5. POV Statement  “Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A world in which there is the very real prospect of a new world order… A world in which freedom and respect for human rights find a home among all nations.”  George Bush 1991

6. George H.W. Bush’s Foreign Policy (cont.)  Persian Gulf War  Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, August 1990  Operation “Desert Shield:”  UN action against Iraq  Launched military offensive in January 1991  Stopped short of removing Saddam Hussein, something the UN had not authorized

11. Election of 1992  Bush lacked coherent vision of either domestic or foreign policy  Didn’t appeal to democrats who had supported Reagan and then Bush in 1988  Democrats ran Bill Clinton  Focused on economic issues  Won by comfortable margin

12. Bill Clinton 1992-2000

13. Bill Clinton’s Domestic Policy  Social Issues  Abortion counseling at family planning clinics  Balanced the Budget!  Tax increase and spending cuts to reduce deficit  Universal Healthcare not passed  Whitewater Scandal

14. Victory and Impeachment  Election of 1996 capped Clinton’s political comeback  Defeated Bob Dole and Jack Kemp  Public scrutiny of the president’s private life  Kenneth Starr investigation  Impeachment attempt  Economic growth kept Clinton’s popularity high

15. Post-Cold War Foreign Policy  Nuclear disarmament efforts  Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, 1995  NAFTA  North American Free Trade Agreement  Ended tariffs between US, Canada, and Mexico  World Trade Organization

16. Election of 2000  Democrats ran Al Gore  Distanced himself from Bill Clinton  Probably a mistake  Republicans ran George W. Bush  Election results initially too close to call  Gore carried popular vote by 500,000  Electoral college tally hung on results in Florida  Original tally gave state to Bush with less than 1,000 vote victory  Democrats demanded recount in selected counties  Controversy reigned for a month  Supreme Court finally intervened  Stopped selected recount, saying it was unconstitutional  Declared Bush winner by 5-4 margin  Five conservative Republicans versus 2 Democrats and two liberal Republicans

17. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license. Presidential Election, 2000

18. George W. Bush’s Domestic Policy  Economic downturn  Stock Market decline  Growing Federal and State deficits  Corporate accounting scandals  Administration policies  Tax cut plan described as an economic stimulus package  Energy policy that favored oil companies  Controversial educational policy  Mandatory nationwide test of children to assess schools’ effectiveness  No Child Left Behind

19. George W. Bush’s Foreign Policy  September 11, 2001  Bush Doctrine  Preemptive war to protect U.S. interests  Huge increase in Bush’s approval ratings  War on Terrorism  Became administration’s foreign policy focus  Patriot Act  Broad executive branch latitude over surveillance and detention of people considered threats to national security  Iraq  Administration mounted campaign against Saddam Hussein  Aiding terrorists  Stockpiling weapons of mass destruction  Began preparing for preemptive war in fall of 2002