1. Initial Stability of Cemented Femoral Stems as a Function of Surface Finish, Collar, and Stem Size by Edward Ebramzadeh, Sophia N. Sangiorgio, Donald B. Longjohn, Cyrus F. Buhari, and Lawrence D. Dorr J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 86(1):106-115 January 1, 2004 ©2004 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

2. The eight types of femoral components used in the study were based on the Apollo design (Centerpulse Orthopedics, Austin, Texas), shown on the left. Edward Ebramzadeh et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86:106-115 ©2004 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

3. The four top stems are polished, and the four bottom stems are rough. Edward Ebramzadeh et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86:106-115 ©2004 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

4. Diagram of the targeting devices used to drill holes with accurate reproducibility, with respect to the stem, in each of the composite femora. Edward Ebramzadeh et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86:106-115 ©2004 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

5. The bar graphs represent the relative increases or decreases in stem-cement per-cycle motion that could be attributed to the design variables included in the experiment—that is, surface finish, presence or absence of a collar, and stem size. Edward Ebramzadeh et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86:106-115 ©2004 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

6. The rates of migration of the stem within the cement mantle measured at the initial and final segments during cyclic loading, indicating the exponential decrease over time—that is, initially the stems were settling, but toward the end of cyclic loading they... Edward Ebramzadeh et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86:106-115 ©2004 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

7. Means, standard deviations, and directions of migration of the eight types of femoral stems within the cement mantle included in this study are depicted for each of the five displacement transducer locations. Edward Ebramzadeh et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86:106-115 ©2004 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.