1. Global II Triumph of Nationalism Ch 24, Sec 5 Nationalism in Eastern Europe Read Pgs 549-551

2. Objectives 11.7How does Nationalism affect the Multi-National empires of Austria & the Ottoman Empire? 11.8Why were the dual monarchies created? 11.9How were Jews discriminated against under Russian Nationalism?

3. Creation of Dual Monarchy Decision by Austrian Emperor Hungarians wanted autonomy Austrian Empire Divided Emperor of Austria King of Hungary Share foreign ministers Each has own constitution and own parliament United Under the Hapsburg Emperor

4. How many different linguistic groups are there in Austria Hungary? Are these various groups divided in regions? How could Nationalism divide this area?

5. Dual Monarchy The Dual Monarchy was formed in 1867 and lasted until 1914 in Austria-Hungary. Both Austria & Hungary had their own parliament and constitution as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Austria & Hungary shared foreign ministers and foreign policy. Although the Dual Monarchy satisfied the Austrians and Hungarians it did nothing to satisfy other ethnic minorities like the Serbians.

6. Multi-National Empires Austrian Dual Monarchy Hungary gains autonomy Disunity due to Ethnic Tensions Loss of Lombardy to Italy 1866 Defeated by Prussia Lose influence among German States Ottoman 1830 Greece gains Independence Also Serbia, Montenegro 1850 Egypt & Arabia gain autonomy 1859 Romania gains Independence  “Sickman of Europe” Effects of Nationalism

7. Differing Nationalities in the Austrian Empire

8. The Ottoman Empire -- Late 19 c “The Sick Man of Europe”

9. NATIONALISM IN RUSSIA = IMPERIALISM

10. Russian Expansion A heterogeneous empire

11. Nicholas I [r. 1825-1855] Autocracy! Orthodoxy! Nationalism!

12. Alexander II [r. 1855-1881] Defeat in the Crimean War. Emancipation of the Russian serfs [1861- 1863].

13. Alexander III [r. 1881-1894] Reactionary. Slavophile. Anti-western “Russification” program. Jews  forced migration to the Pale

14. Russian Expansion The Pale

15. Forced Migration of Russia’s Jews

16. Pogroms: brief timeline anti-Semitism = hatred/discrimination towards Jews due to heritage Pogroms = large-scale, targeted, repeated anti-Semitic rioting Pre-19 th century: 38 - anti-Semitic riots under Roman rule 2 nd c. - communal violence against Jews & Christians who refused to accept Roman rule over Israel 1095–1291 - massive violent attacks against Jews date during Crusades

17. Pre-19 th century pogroms cont. 11thc. - Muslim pogroms against Jews in Spain. 1348 - Because of hysteria surrounding the black plague, Jews were massacred throughout Europe. Many surviving Jews fled to Poland. 1543 - On the Jews and Their Lies (Martin Luther), treatise advocating harsh persecution of Jewish people. 1648-1654 - Jews & Roman Catholics massacred by Ukrainian Cossacks.

18. 19 th Century Pogroms in Russia 1881-84 - large-scale wave of anti- Jewish riots swept through Russia. Jews were blamed for the assassination of Tsar Alexander II. Thousands of Jewish homes destroyed, many families were reduced to poverty, large numbers of men, women, & children were injured in 166 towns in today’s Ukraine. Many Russian Jews reassessed their status in Russian Empire & emigrated to the US. Boosted the early Zionist movement. Map of pogroms and anti- Semitic acts of violence in Russia and the Pale from 1871-1906.

20. Closure How was the German Empire ruled? What policies did Bismarck use to rule the German Reich? How did Nationalism effect both the Austrian and Ottoman Empires? Why were the dual monarchies created?

21. HOMEWORK Dual Monarchy Pg 549