1. New American Diplomacy HW Quiz 1. What is Anglo-Saxonism? 2. Who wrote “The Influence of Sea Power upon History”, calling for the expansion of the military? 3. What were the TWO causes of the Spanish-American War? 4. What were the TWO fronts of the Spanish-American War? 5. Who was a major leader of the Rough Riders? 6. What agreement said that Cuba would stay independent, but would still be tied to the United States? 7. What policy said that the United States could trade freely with China, even though they didn’t have a “Sphere of Influence”? 8. What was Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy? 9. What was William Taft’s foreign policy? 10. What was Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy? Bonus (10 points): What term describes a strong dislike of foreigners?

2. World War I, Part 1: The Beginning Goal 6 and 8

3. Essential Idea There were four factors that led to the beginning of World War I.

4. Causes of the War There are ____ MAIN causes to _____________. M- A- I- N-

5. Militarism Militarism: the aggressive build-up of armed forces to intimidate other countries Militarism in Europe: 1. Britain had built up a strong navy to defend the island against invasion 2. Germany then built up the strongest army in Europe 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

6. Militarism The result: An “arms race” started between Germany and Britain, creating high tension

7. Alliances Alliance- a close association between nations with common interests Why form alliances? There was safety in numbers when countries joined forces

8. Triple Alliance The Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy The Triple Entente: France, Britain, and Russia Problem: The alliances are SECRET Why is this a problem? Hard to know who is sided with who!

9. Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: The Alliance System

10. Imperialism Imperialism- domination of a strong country over a weaker one The two major empires of the time: Austro- Hungarian and Ottoman These empires were located in a south- eastern area of Europe known as the Balkans

11. Nationalism Nationalism- intense pride in homeland and culture Major belief: people who share a national identity should have their own country and government

12. Nationalism Nationalists HATED the idea of imperialist countries (empires) interfering with them

13. Serbia In the Balkans, a group of people known as the Serbs gained independence and created Serbia Reactions: Russia supported Serbia, Austria-Hungary opposed Serbia How this may become a problem: Russia and Austria-Hungary were in OPPOSING alliances

14. The Trigger is Pulled What forms in Serbia: a secret nationalist group known as the “Black Hand” One member assassinated the heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand

15. Why? To try to bring down the Austro- Hungarian Empire The Man Who Started World War I

16. Alliances Assemble: Picking Sides Countries siding AGAINST Serbia: Austria-Hungary, Germany Countries siding WITH Serbia: Russia, France

17. Wars Declared Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Germany declared war on Russia Germany declared war on France To get to France, Germany had to cross British-supported Belgium so….. Britain declared war on Germany Result? World War I began! Roots of WWI

18. The Two Sides: The Central Powers Before WWI: Triple Entente: France, Britain, Russia Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy

19. New Alliances The Allies: France, Britain, Russia, Italy Central Powers: Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria What has changed? Who is NOT involved yet?

20. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

22. Trying to Stay Neutral Wilson Tries to Stay Neutral Wilson Tries to Stay Neutral Reasons to side with the Allies: British and American culture was similar France had helped U.S. gain independence (Revolutionary War)

23. Where was the German immigrant population the densest? Where was it the least dense? What made many Irish come to America? (think back)

24. Americans Taking Sides Reasons to side with the Central Powers: U.S. had 8 million German immigrants U.S. had 4.5 million Irish immigrants who hated Britain The result: the United States stayed neutral for the first three years of World War I

25. A Boat and a Note The Event: America enters World War I The “Causes”: A boat and a note Cause #1: A boat

26. U-Boats German invention: the U-Boat What it was: the first submarine, built to get around British naval blockades

27. The Lusitania and the Sussex What happened to the Lusitania: German U-boats sank the Lusitania, a British passenger ship, killing 120 Americans on board What happened to the Sussex: German U-boats sank the Sussex, a French passenger ship, injuring many Americans

28. The Sussex Pledge Caught in the Middle To avoid war, Germany signed the Sussex Pledge, promising not to attack civilian ships without warning (restricted submarine warfare)

29. Zimmerman Telegram Cause #2: A note The note: the Zimmermann Telegram How we found out about it: British intercepted it (message from Germany to Mexico)

30. The Zimmerman Telegram What is Germany’s proposition?

31. The Final Straw What it said: Germany offered to help Mexico get land back from the Mexican Cession IF they would help Germany

32. Germany Provoking War Again American Reaction: MAD What else did Germany do? Broke the Sussex Pledge by starting UNrestricted submarine warfare again Result of a Boat and a Note? Wilson makes a speech on April 2, 1917, saying the “world must be made safe for democracy” America declares war on Germany (enters World War I) Declaring WarDeclaring War