1. Metering and Measuring of Multi-Family Pool Pumps, Phase 1 March 10, 2016 Presented by Dan Mort & Sasha Baroiant ADM Associates, Inc.

2. State-Wide Study 2 Collect data for Utilities to develop Workpapers SCE SDG&E PG&E SCG

3. Measurement Types by Utility 3 Type 1: SCE Pre and Post Site Visits and Measurements Type 2: SDG&E and SCG Baseline or Post-only Measurements Type 3: PG&E Baseline and Post Measurements with new VSD installed while at the site (one visit)

4. Number of Sample Pools by Utility 4 SCESCGSDG&EPG&E*Total Target50522582 Actual53523586

5. Sampling Strategy by Utility 5 SCE – Identify candidate sites by working with implementation contractors of the Multi-Family Energy Efficiency Rebate (MFEER) Program SDG&E – Random cold calling + working with pool maintenance contractors SCG – Carry over from SCE + random calls in targeted areas PG&E – Develop sampling strategy based on climate zones and MF pool populations

6. Data Analysis Methodology Overview 6 Construction of pump energy usages Method 1: Spot kW measurements coupled with on/off schedule from sundial timer or VSD pump menu Method 2: Couple motor Amp time series data with power factors, voltages Calibration of data to true-kW spot measurements Construction of savings estimates for SCE pump retrofits Create annual load profiles for baseline and VFD pump Subtract post from pre annual usages to obtain annual savings Subtract post from pre peak demands to obtain peak demand estimates Savings estimates for SCG, SDG&E from one-time measurements Apply relative savings from SCE study to baseline (or VFD) annual usages

7. Energy Usage from Spot Measurements 7 ADM field engineers conducted spot measurements on each pump with a “true-RMS kW” power meter. Single-speed pumps require just one spot measurement VSD pumps require power measurements at various RPM settings Amps, Volts, Power Factor, and kW were recorded The spot kW measurements are then coupled with pump operation schedules Single-speed pumps can have a seven-day schedule, with a potential seasonal change in operation In practice, most pumps had identical daily schedule throughout the year VFD pumps usually have two or three separate RPM settings in their operation schedules We create an annual hourly schedule for each pump base on site visit documentation Couple kW from spot measurements with pump schedules to obtain annual hourly kW profile

8. Energy Usage from Metering Amps 8 ADM field engineers logged pool pump amps at 5-minute intervals Loggers were installed prior to pump change out, and left to log VFD pump Average “pre” and “post” monitoring periods were 38 days and 25 days, respectively The amp data were converted to kW using voltages and power factors We used a two step process for this: 1.Use average on-site voltages from one-time measurements, and a pump Amp vs. Power Factor curve to map Amps to kW 2.Calibrate the result from step 1 to actual spot-measurement kW values

9. Energy Usage from Metering Amps 9 The plot to the right has ~200 separate measurements on ~50 VSD pumps. The distribution is fairly homogeneous and easy to model because most of the pumps had identical motors Both active contractors for the SCE program tended to show a strong preference for the same line of pool pumps We believe that our results are representative of potential savings from VSD pumps Motor efficiencies are fairly confined to a reasonably homogeneous range Significant savings come from flow reductions, and are, to first order, independent of VSD pump make/model

10. How do the Two Methods Compare? 10 Whenever possible, we calculated pump energy usages by using both methods We use metering data when available, but use the spot measurements as a check For the baseline period, metering resulted in 7.7% higher estimated energy usage than spot measurements (delta was 7.7%, with a standard error of 3.4%) Most common reason for the difference is that base pump schedule indicated less than 24 hour operation, but metering showed 24/7 operation For the post-installation period, metering resulted in 0.7% lower estimated energy usage than spot measurements (delta was 0.7%, standard error 1.7%) Main reason for better agreement for VSDs is that their schedules are easier to verify

11. Construction of Savings Profiles for SCE 11 We create annual 8760-hour schedules by replicating the weekly schedule, as obtained from reading the pump schedules or from the metered pump loads (after converting to average kW for each hour of the week) Energy savings are the difference between the sums of the baseline and VFD annual usages Demand reductions are the savings on weekdays, between 2PM and 5PM

12. Energy Savings vs. Baseline Horsepower 12 The plot to the right shows data from 52 pool pumps, installed in 51 different pools The energy savings are not particularly sensitive to baseline horsepower, except at the high and low extremes The plot to the right shows that the relative savings (as % of baseline usage) are not strongly dependent of baseline horsepower

13. Construction of Savings for SDG&E and SCG 13

14. Is the savings factor from SCE applicable? 14 The plot to the right shows the annual pump energy usage vs. nameplate horsepower from SCE and SDG&E single-speed pumps The similarity of the two distributions indicates that it is likely that SDG&E would experience comparable savings from VSD pump retrofits

15. Energy Savings Load Profile 15

16. Savings 16 IOU Energy Savings, kWh Demand Reduction, kW Energy Savings, % Demand Reduction, % SCE6,4080.5848.5%33.1% SDG&E6,9010.5848.5%31.7% SCG9,2030.8348.5%37.0% Average6,7580.6048.5%33.0%

17. Pool Lighting 17 IOU Average In-Pool Lighting, Watts Average Pool Area Lighting, Watts Pool Lighting Hours Annual In- Pool Lighting Energy Use, kWh Annual Pool Area Lighting Energy Use, kWh SCE314104,0971,30342 SCG553-4,2162,264- SDG&E2921253,7961,054590

18. Pool Lighting Type 18 DescriptionLamp TypeSCESCGSDG&E Number of Pools in Sample with In-Pool Lighting LED3110 Incandescent36410 Halogen210 HPS200 Other701

19. Public Pool Safety 19 Multi-Family pools fall into the classification of public pools Title-24 defines the characteristics and capabilities of the equipment at the time a pool is installed or a remodel that triggers a building inspection Title-22 defines the maintenance and water quality of public pools There are gray areas when interpreting the codes

20. County EH&S Surveys 20 Phone surveys conducted with inspectors from 10 counties Public pools are inspected by local County Environmental Health and Safety Departments Public pools are inspected from 1-3 times per year Counties indicated openness to energy and demand saving equipment provided that the use was not in direct conflict with public pool code enforcement. About a third of responses said they would not allow the flow rate to vary during hours the pool is open to the public.

21. County EH&S Surveys 21 About a third of responses said there is only one interpretation of the code No special allowance is provided for reducing flow during utility peak demand periods Pool water turnover rates are only checked and enforced during the plan check stage of construction Typically inspectors only look to see if the flowmeter is working and do not calculate turnover rate

22. Questions & Answers 22 Thank You