1. Introduction to Research

2. Objectives Introduction to Research (continued) Recap important concepts from previous class Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research Characteristics of Good Research Activity

3. Quantitative Research Scientific method Theory driven Collect numerical data on what can be objectively measured Use statistics Make generalizable conclusions or applicable laws

4. Characteristics of Quantitative Research Systematic: system (paradigm) Empirical: collect data, make conclusions Replicable: record what was done and found so a line of inquiry is established and the issue can be studied further Deductive Reasoning: involves the forming of conclusions based on data gathered by applying rules of logic to the premise

5. Scientific Method 1.Define the problem/research question 2.Form hypothesis 3.Plan a method of studying it 4.Collect data 5.Analyze data 6.Interpret results/make conclusions

6. Characteristics of Qualitative Research Study small samples Observe and interview Data are words and descriptions Study behavior, ideas, and perceptions of people Understand what people do, why they do it, and how they perceive it

7. Characteristics of Qualitative Research No desire to generalize the findings Inductive Reasoning: Attempt to develop truths, discover meaning, thinking and procedures are more free flowing. Capture the “essence” of a phenomena

8. Types of Qualitative Research Biography Phenomenology Grounded Theory Ethnography Case Study

9. Other Types of Research: Non Data-Based Research Historical: trace development over time Review papers: examine a line of research. Describe what’s been done. Tell what is known. Summarize understanding. Suggest future study. Position/Opinion Papers: What I think as an expert. Often suggest practical application of knowledge.

10. Types of Research Non Data-Based Research Philosophical/Theoretical Papers: describe a theory, make predictions using it, suggest lines of inquiry to study it.

11. Characteristics of Good Research Is based on previous research/review of literature It is based on theory It is apolitical, objective, and logical Designed to answer a question or solve a problem Can be replicated and validated

12. Characteristics of Good Research Uses accurate observation and measurement Requires patient, unhurried activity Rigorous data analysis Results are reported to others to utilize and critique

13. Characteristics of a Good Researcher Inquisitive Patient, unhurried, and attention to detail Determined, focused, in it for the long haul Logical and systematic Doubters and skeptics Independent, objective, impartial, & honest

16. In- Class Activity Review of a Research Article