Chapter 4 Trade Terms Nancy Tu.

Chapter 4 Trade Terms Nancy Tu

World’s biggest roll-on roll-off
Terms of Delivery World’s biggest roll-on roll-off

What are Trade Terms? Trade terms, also called price terms and terms of delivery. They are the conditions of transactions. Trade terms stipulate the responsibilities and associated costs of importers and exporters. Trade terms are also concerned with place of delivery or destination, which define the point where the responsibility and the risks pass from the seller to the buyer.

Why trade terms? In international trade, price term lies at the core of the terms and conditions of a contract and often results in some of the key problems for which an exporter and importer have to strive. In order to complete their deals successfully, the sellers and the buyers in international contracts had better, at the very beginning of the deal, make clear to each other respective obligations and find the full expression of those in the trade terms.

Components of price clause
Currency + Amount + Unit + Trade Term e.g. US$ per set CIF Shanghai e.g. RMB per yard FOB Shanghai

Find out the trade term in this invoice

Can you find out the trade term in this invoice?
Key

FOB NINGBO

THE MOST INFLUENTIAL TRADE CONVENTIONS
1、Warsaw-Oxford Rules(W.O.Rules)1932 《华沙牛津公约》 2、Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 《1941美国对外贸易定义修订本》 3、International Rules For the Interpretation of Trade Terms《国际贸易术语解释通则》 It has been amended and modernized in 1953, 1967,1980,1990 , 2000 and 2010

Brief Introduction of Custom Practice
Name Issued by Time Trade Terms 《1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本》 (Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941) 美国商业团体 American Commerce Association In 1919 Ex Point of Origin, FOB(6 variations), FAS Vessel, C&F, CIF, Ex Dock 《1932年华沙— 牛津规则》（Warsaw-Oxford Rules）国际法协会 International Law Institute 1928 CIF 《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》(International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms) 国际商会International Chamber of Commerce 1936 E、F、C、D四组13个贸易术语

《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》简介：美国九大商业团体首先制定 1941年进行了修改
对ExPoint、 FOB 、FAS、 C&F、 CIF 、Ex Dock等6种贸易术语进行统一解释。

1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本 Trade Terms Abbreviations Chinese EXW FOB FAS CFR CIF
DEQ EX Works Free on Board Free on Board Vessel Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) Cost and Freight (named point of destination) Cost, Insurance and Freight (named point of destination) Delivery Ex Quay (duty paid) 工厂交货指定起运地点交货指定装运港船边交货成本加运费（指定目的地）成本加保险、运费（指定目的地）进口港码头交货（关税已付）

FOB Free on Board (6 variations)
FOB: Free on Board (Named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) 国内指定起运地点运输工具上交货 FOB: Free on Board (Named inland carrier at named inland point of departure freight prepaid to…named point of exportation) 国内指定起运地点运输工具上交货，运费付至指定出口地点 FOB: Free on Board (Named inland carrier at named inland point of departure freight allowed to…named point) 国内指定起运地点运输工具上交货，扣除至指定地点运费 FOB: Free on Board (Named inland carrier at named inland point of exportation) 国内指定出口地运输工具上交货 FOB: Free on Board Vessel (named port of shipment) 指定装运港船上交货 FOB: Free on Board (named inland point in country of importation) 进口国指定国内地点运输工具上交货

（Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932）
《1932年华沙-牛津规则》（Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932） 1928年，国际法协会在华沙制《1928年华沙规则》，对CIF作了解释，共22条。后在1930年的纽约会议、1931年的巴黎会议和1932年的牛津会议上作了修订，沿用至今。

Review Exercise 1 “Warsaw-Oxford Rules1932” is made out by International Law Institute for _______. a FOB b CRF c CIF d FCA 2 “Incoterms” is made out by _______. a International Law Association 国际法协会 b International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会 c The United Union World Trade Development Center 联合国贸发会 d The United Nations International Law Commission 联合国国际法委员会

Incoterms Learning Objectives:
To understand concepts of the 4 groups of Incoterms 2000 To learn about Incoterms 2010 To master the most widely used Incoterms in international trade, such as FOB, CIF & CFR

Incoterms 2000: contents 4.1 Vital Aspects of Transaction
4.2 The Purpose of Terms of Delivery and Incoterm 4.3 A View of the Structure of Incoterms 2000 Risk Transfer Cut-Off Cost Transfer Cut-Off Terms of Delivery in detail Review of Incoterms Homework

Warm-up Questions 4.1 Vital Aspects of Transaction
Considering what you have learned before about international trade, what, do you think, are the crucial aspects that you should pay attention to in international trade? Responsibilities and Associated Costs Time and Place of Delivery Documents and Expense Title to Goods

1. Responsibilities and associated costs
Different responsibilities may have different risks and different costs. So it’s every important to clearly define and divide the responsibilities and costs between the seller and the buyer. A cut-off point is needed here.

2. Time and place of delivery
Time and place of delivery are crucial factors in defining the point where the responsibilities and the risks pass from the seller to the buyer.

3. Documents and expense It must be clear what documents the exporter should prepare and who should pay the expense so that a transaction can be processed smoothly.

4. Title to goods Different terms of delivery mean different responsibilities of the seller and the buyer. Accordingly, title to the goods will pass over from the seller to the buyer at different time and places.

What is a cut-off point? A clearly defined cut-off point is a point which shows where the exporter’s responsibilities and risks end and where the importer’s begin so that the exporter can price his goods accurately and the importer can calculate the full cost of import. illustration

Illustration of cut-off point
the cut-off point of risk & responsibilities: ship’s rail FOB CIF buyer’s warehouse seller’s warehouse ocean shipment

4.2 The Purpose of Terms Delivery and Incoterms
Questions: Why do we need Incoterms in international trade? What is the purpose of the Incoterms? What is Incoterms 1936? How many versions does the Incoterms have? keys

purpose of the incoterms
The Incoterms aim to provide a set of standardized terms which mean exactly the same to both parties to a contract and which will be interpreted in exactly the same way by courts in every country. Incoterms can be binding upon buyers and sellers provided the sales specifies that a particular Incoterms will apply.

4.3 A View of the Structure of Incoterms 2000
The terms in Incoterms 2000 are grouped in four basically categories: Group E terms: Ex Works (EXW) Group F terms: FCA – Free Carrier Main carriage FAS – Free Alongside Ship unpaid FOB – Free On Board

CIP – Carriage and insurance paid to
Group C Terms Main carriage CFR – Cost and freight Paid CIF – Cost, Insurance, Freight CPT – Carriage paid to CIP – Carriage and insurance paid to

Group D Terms Arrival DAF – Delivered At Frontier
Contract DES – Delivered EX Ship DEQ – Delivered EX Quay(/ki:/) DDU – Delivered Duty unpaid DDP – Delivered Duty Paid Quay: dock or pier, where you can tie your ship and unload or load your goods.

Time & Place for transfer of Responsibilities & Risks
buyer's seller's FOB CFR CIF Ocean transport DES FCA CPT CIP DDU DDP DAF DAP DAT FAS EXW DEQ

Time & Place for transfer of Responsibilities & Risks

Transfer of Risks Seller’s Premises EXW Carrier’s Premises
FCA, CPT, CIP Alongside Ship, L. Port FAS On board Ship, L. Port Pass the ship’s rail FOB, CFR, CIF Frontier, Dest. DAF DEQ On the Quay, Dest. DES On board Ship, Dest. DDU, DDP Named Place, Dest.

Cost Coverage CFR CIF seller's CPT buyer's FOB CIP FAS freight
insurance DDU DDP FCA DES/DAP DEQ/DAT DAF EXW

Terms of Delivery in Detail
Group E : EXW Group F : FCA, FAS, FOB Group C : CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP Group D: DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDP Group D(2010): DAP, DAT, DDP (Two new Incoterms rules — DAT and DAP—have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF,DES, DEQ and DDU) Case Analysis: FOB Case analysis Price your product: FOB, CIF, CFR price

《2000年通则》四组术语(共13种) E 组启运 EXW EX Works 工厂交货 FCA Free Carrier 货交承运人
FAS Free Alongside Ship 船边交货 FOB Free On Board 装运港船上交货 F 组主运费未付 C组已付 D组到达 CFR Cost and Freight 成本加运费 CIF Cost,Insurance 成本加保险费、 and Freight 运费 CPT Carriage Paid To 运费付至 CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To DAF Delivered At Frontier 边境交货 DES Delivered Ex Ship 目的港船上交货 DEQ Delivered Ex Quay 目的港码头交货 DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid DDP Delivered Duty Paid 完税后交货未完税交货运费、保险费付至适用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运同上适用于海运及内河运输

Incoterms 2010 The INCOTERMS® 2010 became effective January 1, The new Incoterms accomplish the followings: (a) significantly revises Group D listed in INCOTERMS® 2000; (b) reduce Incoterms from four groups to two groups, allowing trade experts to choose the most suitable rule related to the mode of transport; and (c) reduces the absolute number of Incoterms from 13 to 11.

Incoterms 2010 Moreover, INCOTERMS® 2010 offer additional guidance which assists users in selecting the most appropriate Incoterms for each transaction. The revised terms also spell out rules regarding the use of electronic procedures; detail information on security-related clearances for shipments; and offer advice with respect to domestic trade.

Group 1. Incoterms that apply to any mode of transport are:
第一组：适用于任何运输方式的术语 EXW FCA CPT CIP DAT DAP DDP Ex Works Free Carrier Carriage Paid To Carriage And Insurance Paid To Delivered At Terminal Delivered At Place Delivered Duty Paid 工厂交货货交承运人运费付至目的地运费/保险费付至目的地目的地或目的港的集散站交货目的地交货完税后交货 Group 2. Incoterms that apply to sea and inland waterway transport only: 第二组：适用于水上运输方式的术语 FAS FOB CFR CIF Free Alongside Ship Free On Board Cost And Freight Cost, Insurance, and Freight 装运港船边交货装运港船上交货成本加运费成本、保险费加运费

Notes Even though from Jan.1st, 2011, the new Incoterms entered into force, the Incoterms 2000 can still be used in doing international trade. So if you want the Incoterms(R) 2010 rules to apply to your contract, you should make this clear in the contract, through such words as, “the chosen Incoterms rule including the named place, followed by Incoterms(R) 2010”.

RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPOTR:
EXW EX WORKS FCA FREE CARRIER CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO DAT DELIVERED AT TERMINAL DAP DELIVERED AT PLACE DDP DELIVERED DUTY PAID RULES FOR SEA AND INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT: FAS FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP FOB FREE ON BOARD CFR COST AND FREIGHT CIF COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT

4.3.1 Ex Works [Named Place] (EXW)
Questions: What does “EX Works” mean to the seller? The buyer? When can’t this term be used for? keys

“Ex Works” (EXW) means that the seller fulfils his obligation to delivery, when he has made the goods available at his premises (i.e. works, factory, warehouse, etc.) to the buyer. The Seller is not responsible for loading the goods on the vehicle provided by the buyer or for clearing the goods for export, unless otherwise agreed.

The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller’s premises to the desired destination. This term should be avoided if the Buyer cannot carry out the export formalities. If so, the FCA term shall be the better choice.

4.3.2 Free Carrier [Named Place]( FCA) （货交承运人）
Questions: What does “ Free Carrier” mean for the seller? Who will bear the risk and expense after the goods handed over to the carrier? What does “ Carrier” mean? What does “ Transport terminal” mean? What does “ Container” mean? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? keys

“Free Carrier” (FCA) means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. When, according to the commercial practice, the seller’s assistance is required in making the contract with the carrier (such as in rail or air transport), the seller may act at the buyer’s risk and expense.

If the buyer instructs the seller to deliver the cargo to a person, e
If the buyer instructs the seller to deliver the cargo to a person, e.g. a freight forwarder who is not a “carrier”, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are in the custody of that person. “Container” includes any equipment used to unitize the cargo, e.g. all types of containers and/or flats, trailers, swap bodies, ro-ro equipments, igloos and applies to all modes of transport.

4.3.3 Free Alongside Ship (FAS) [Named Port of Shipment] 启运港船边交货
Questions: What does “FAS” mean to the seller? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? keys

“Free Alongside Ship” means that the seller should be responsible for getting the goods placed alongside the vessel on the quay or in lighters(驳船) at the named port of shipment during which the seller needs to bear all the costs and risks of loss or damage to the goods. The FAS term also requires the seller to clear the goods through the customs for export, and all possible costs and risks incurred in customs clearance should be borne by the seller.

4.3.4 Free on Board (FOB) [Named Port of Shipment] 船上交货
keys Questions: What does this term mean for the seller? The buyer? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? When the ship’s rail serves no practical purpose, what terms can we used? What are the derived terms of FOB?

“Free on Board” means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods passes over the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment. This means the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

When the ship’s rail serves no practical purpose, such as in the case of roll-on/roll-off or container traffic, the FCA term is more appropriate to use. FOB = EXW + risks and expenses before the cargoes pass over the ship’s rail at the port of shipment + risks and expenses for export customs clearance + charges for commodity inspection before loading stipulated by the government. derived terms

FOB derived terms FOB Under Tackle (FOB 吊钩下交货)
The seller fulfills his obligation of delivery once the goods are placed beside the carrying vessel within the reach of the vessel’s crane 2. FOB Liner Terms (FOB 班轮条款) The ship will be responsible for loading. The buyer bears the loading cost since he is responsible for contracting and paying for carriage. more

3. FOB Stowed (船上交货并理仓) The seller is responsible for loading the goods on board the vessel and packing the goods carefully and closely in the vessel’s hold. The seller shall bear stowing expenses including cost of Dunnage (防止货物碰撞的衬板), lashing（捆绑） and securing(固定), etc. 4. FOB Trimmed (船上交货并平仓) Besides loading the goods on board the vessel, the seller also bears trimming costs for leveling the goods to make the vessel evenly balanced.

4.3.5 Cost and Freight (CFR) [Named Port of Destination] 成本加运费
Questions: What does “CFR” mean? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? Keys

“Cost and Freight” means that the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. But the risk of loss and/or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.

The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
When the ship’s rail serves no practical purpose, the CPT (Carriage Paid To) term is more appropriate to use. CFR = FOB + responsibilities of booking shipping space or chartering + main freight.

4.3.6 CIF cost, insurance & freight
Questions: What does “CIF” mean for the seller? Who will cover the insurance in this term? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? What about the unloading cost in CIF derived terms? Keys

CIF means that the seller has the obligation to procure marine insurance against the risk or losses of, or damage to the goods during the carriage besides that he has to fulfill the same obligations under the CFR term. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium for minimum coverage and clears the goods for export.

CIF = CFR + risks and charges for insurance
When the ship’s rail serves no practical purpose, the carriage and insurance paid to (CIP) term is more appropriate to use. derived terms

The ship is responsible for the unloading of goods. 2. CFR/CIF Landed
To stipulate clearly the responsibility and cost of unloading, some derived terms can be used: CFR/CIF Liner Term The ship is responsible for the unloading of goods. 2. CFR/CIF Landed The seller is responsible for unloading and pays the cost including lighterage and warfage charges, since he contracts for carriage. more

3. CFR/CIF FO FO means that the ship is not responsible for unloading the goods carried. 4. CFR/CIF Ex-ship’s Hold The buyer pays the unloading cost under the above two terms as the cost is not included in the freight paid by the seller.

4.3.7 Carriage Paid To (CPT) [Named Port of Destination]运费付至
Questions: What does “ CPT” mean? What does “ Carrier” mean? In this term, who will clear the goods for export? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? Keys

“Carriage Paid To” means that the seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrier. The CPT terms requires the seller to clear the goods

4.3.8 Carriage and Insurance Paid To (CIP) [Named Port of Destination]　运费保险费付至
Questions: What does “CIP” mean? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? Keys

“Carriage and Insurance Paid To” means that the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage in addition to the same obligations as under CPT terms. The seller is required to clear the goods for export.

4.3.9 Delivered at Frontier (DAF) [Named Place] 边境交货
Questions: What does “DAF” mean? What is a “frontier”? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? Keys

“Delivered at Frontier” means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available, cleared for export, at the named point and place at the frontier, but before the customs border of the adjoining country.

4.3.10 Delivered Ex Ship (DES) /DAP [Named Port of Destination]　目的港船上交货
Keys Questions: What does “DES” mean? What mode of transportation can this term be used for?

“Delivered Ex Ship” means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available to the buyer on board the ship uncleared for import at the named port of destination. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination.

Delivered At Place: DAP (named place of destination)
“Delivered at Place” means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place. DAP:卖方于议定日期或期间,在(进口地)指定目的地将已运送抵达此指定地点但未从承运之运送工具上卸载而备便卸载且未办妥输入通关之货物,交付买方处置时,即为卖方交货。

The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the point within the agreed place of destination, as the risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure contracts of carriage that match this choice precisely. If the seller incurs costs under its contract of carriage related to unloading at the place of destination, the seller is not entitled to recover such costs from the buyer unless otherwise agreed between the parties.

DAP requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable(适用的). However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities. If the parties wish the seller to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty and carry out any import customs formalities, the DDP term should be used.

4.3.11 Delivered EX Quay Duty Paid　(DEQ)/DAT　 [Named Port of Destination]目的港码头交货，关税已付
Questions: What does “DEQ” mean? When can’t this term be used? If the seller wish the buyer to pay the import duty, then what term can be used? How about “DEQ , VAT unpaid”? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? Keys

Delivered EX Quay (Duty Paid) means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when he has made the goods available to the buyer on the quay (wharf) at the named port of destination, cleared for import. The seller has to bear all risks and costs including duties, taxes and other charges of delivering the goods thereto.

This term should not be used if the seller is unable to obtain the import license.
If the parties wish the buyer to clear the goods for import and pay the duty, the words “duty unpaid” shall be used instead of “duty paid”. If the parties wish to exempt the seller from paying value added tax (VAT), it shall be made clear by saying “ Delivered ex quay, VAT unpaid (named port of destination)”

Delivered At Terminal: DAT (named terminal at port or place of destination)
“Delivered at Terminal” means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination. “Terminal” includes any place, whether covered or not, such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the terminal at the named port or place of destination.

The parties are well advised to specify as clearly as possible the terminal and, if possible, a specific point within the terminal at the agreed port or place of destination, as the risks to that point are for the account of the seller. The seller is advised to procure a contract of carriage that matches this choice precisely. DAT:卖方须于议定日期或期间,在(进口地)目的港或目的地之指定终站,将已运送抵达此指定地点并已从承运之运送工具上完成卸载但尚未办妥输入通关之货物,交付买方处置时,即为卖方交货。

Moreover, if the parties intend the seller to bear the risks and costs involved in transporting and handling the goods from the terminal to another place, then the DAP or DDP rules should be used. DAT requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.

4.3.12 Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU) [Named Place of Destination]目的地未完税交货
Questions: What does “DDU” mean? How about “ DDU, VAT paid”? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? Keys

“Delivered Duty Unpaid” means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of import. The seller has to bear the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto, excluding duties, taxes and other official charges payable upon importation as well as the costs and risks of carrying out customs formalities.

4.3.13 Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) [Named Place of Destination]目的地完税后交货
Questions: What does “DDP” mean? When can’t the term be used? How about “DDP, VAT unpaid”? What mode of transportation can this term be used for? Keys

“Delivered Duty Paid” means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of import. The seller has to bear the risks and costs including duties, taxes, and other charges of delivering the goods thereto, cleared for import. While the EXW term represents the minimum obligation for the seller, DDP represents the maximum obligation.

Case Analysis: problem of using FOB term
Exporter: Company A in China, a small city C near Tian Jin, near the railway transport terminal Importer: Company B in Japan Delivery Date: Feb, 2000 Goods: Licorice Extract (甘草膏 ) Q’ty: 30 Metric Ton Price: US$1800 per M/T FOB XinGang

Payment Term: L/C at sight Latest Delivery Date: 25 Feb, 2000
Transportation Route: FOB Xin Gang Port of Xin Gang seller’s factory Ocean Transport Tian Jin Office’s WH

What is the seller’s risks and liabilities in this case?
Port of Xin Gang seller’s factory ① Ocean Transport Tian Jin Office’s WH ② ③

Since it is CONTAINER shipment, can we find a better TERM OF DELIVERY to reduce the risks of the seller? FCA (City C) Port of Xin Gang seller’s Factory, City C ① Carriers in City C Ocean Transport

Carriers in City C COSCO China Ocean Shipping (Group) Company 中远
Sinotrans Container Lines Co. Ltd 中外运集装箱运输有限公司

Case Analysis: Price your product
Price your product according to the following information. Try to quote: EXW price, FOB price, CFR price & CIF price Suppose: Your Warehouse (WH) in Shanghai. Your customer’s WH in Busan. cost structure

cost structure of your products
Suppose: unit cost: RMB100 Q’ty: 1 container, 5000 pcs By truck WH  Port of Shanghai RMB500 Export declaration charges: RMB200 By sea Port of Shanghai  Port of Busan RMB2000 Ocean transport insurance: RMB500 By truck: Pusan port  WH in Busan: RMB800 reference

Price your products EXW price: unit price RMB100
FOB price: unit price + truck cost 500/5000+export charge 200/5000 = =100.14RMB

CFR price = unit price + truck cost +export charge + freight = 100.54
CIF price: unit price + truck cost 500/ Insurance 500/ freight 2000/5000+export charge = =100.64

Review of Incoterms Ex works (EXW) 工厂交货价交货地点：在出口国卖方所在地风险划分界限：货交买方
运输方式：任何运输办理：买方保险办理：买方运费：买方保险费：买方出口税：买方进口税：买方

Free Carrier (FCA) 货交承运人价
交货地点：在出口国指定的交货地点风险划分界限：货交承运人运输方式：任何运输办理：买方保险办理：买方运费：买方保险费：买方出口税：卖方进口税：买方

Free Alongside Ship (FAS) 装运港船边交货价
交货地点：在出口国指定装运港码头的船边风险划分界限:货交船边运输方式: 海运,内陆水运运输办理:买方保险办理:买方运费:买方保险费:买方出口税:卖方进口税:买方

Free On Board (FOB) 装运港船上交货价
交货地点：在出口国装运港指定的船上风险划分界限:货物越过船舷运输方式:海运,内陆水运运输办理:买方保险办理:买方运费:买方保险费:买方出口税:卖方进口税:买方

Cost And Freight (CFR/ C&F) 成本加运费价
交货地点：在出口国装运港的船上风险划分界限:货物越过船舷运输方式:海运,内陆水运运输办理:卖方保险办理:买方运费:卖方保险费:买方出口税:卖方进口税:买方

Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) 成本保险费加运费价
交货地点：在出口国装运港指定的船上风险划分界限:货物越过船舷运输方式:海运,内陆水运运输办理:卖方保险办理:卖方运费:卖方保险费:卖方出口税:卖方进口税:买方

Carriage Paid To (CPT) 运费付至…价
交货地点：在出口国某一地点货交承运人风险划分界限:货交承运人运输方式:任何运输办理:卖方保险办理:买方运费:卖方保险费:买方出口税:卖方进口税:买方

Carriage and Insurance Paid to…(CIP) 运费,保险费付至…价
交货地点：在出口国某一地点货交承运人风险划分界限:货交承运人运输方式:任何运输办理:卖方保险办理:卖方运费:卖方保险费:卖方出口税:卖方进口税:买方

Delivered At Frontier (DAF) 边境交货价
交货地点：在进口国关境前某一地点风险划分界限:在指定地点货交买方运输方式:任何运输办理:卖方保险办理:卖方运费:卖方保险费:卖方出口税:卖方进口税:买方

Delivered Ex Ship (DES) 目的港船上交货价
交货地点：指定地点货交买方风险划分界限:指定目的港口船上货交买方运输方式:海运,内陆水运运输办理:卖方保险办理:卖方运费:卖方保险费:卖方出口税:卖方进口税:买方

Delivered Ex Quay (DEQ) 目的港码头交货价
交货地点：在进口国指定目的港的码头风险划分界限:指定目的港口码头货交买方运输方式:海运,内陆水运运输办理:卖方保险办理:卖方运费:卖方保险费:卖方出口税:卖方进口税:买方

Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU) 未完税交货价
交货地点：在进口国指定目的地风险划分界限:指定地点货交买方运输方式:任何运输办理:卖方保险办理:卖方运费:卖方保险费:卖方出口税:卖方进口税:买方

Delivered Duty Paid (DDP) 完税后交货价
交货地点：在进口国指定目的地风险划分界限:指定地点货交买方运输方式:任何运输办理:卖方保险办理:卖方运费:卖方保险费:卖方出口税:卖方进口税:卖方

Delivered At Place (DAP )(named place of destination) 目的地交货价

Delivered At Terminal (DAT) (named terminal at port or place of destination) (目的地或目的港)运输终端交货价

Homework Review Chapter 4 Do Exercises P143~P147 II, III, IV
Preview Chapter 5 Group Work: case study (P147 VI.) Study the case in your group. Try to summarize and write down your conclusions and reasons. (If you have different ideas, send representatives to present their ideas.)

Chapter 4 Trade Terms Nancy Tu.

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Chapter 4 Trade Terms Nancy Tu.

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