1. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS MANAGER MIKE BAMBERGER 737-4713 michael.bamberger@orgeonstate.edu emergency.oregonstate.edu 0

2. Mother Nature always has the last word Preparation will be tested piece by piece or all at once:  Y2K  Annual Flooding  December 2013 Ice Storm  February 2014 Snow Storm  TBD Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake Test all our systems  Building codes  Scientific designs  Construction techniques  Preparedness efforts 1

3. What is being done to help me…. I can’t get home due to bridges being closed I am at work when something happens My children are at……. How will my building behave in an earthquake Turn the thinking around: What are you doing to prepare yourself and areas that you can influence? 2

4. Buildings are built at different times, which means different building codes  Movie theaters  Schools  Houses  Churches Pipes (water, sewer, natural gas) are constructed of different materials at different times Time of Day? Weather? Season? 3

5. What are you doing to prepare? Your family Your family Your work team Your work team Your business Your business Your community Your community 4

6. Pay attention to what you do every day and think, “How will I do this if I don’t have……?” Morning routine  Wake up to alarm  Go to bathroom  Make hot beverage  Look inside refrigerator  Read newspaper/e-paper 5

7. 6

8. Don’t wait for someone to tell you what to do  You have seconds to react  Public agencies respond in minutes to hours  Government responds in days to weeks Centralize planning, decentralized implementation Increase your knowledge 7

10. 95% of earthquakes occur along the edges of the interacting plates Source: http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&ved=0CBEQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeri.org%2Flfe%2Fcl earinghouse%2Fsumatra_tsunami%2Fpresentation%2FTsunami_FINAL_4-19- 05_novideo_website.ppt&ei=ZsWaS_HSJ5OysgPe1sWdAg&usg=AFQjCNFkoW2w14KrfRS4lPGW4l5tCSCpjg : from Earthquakes by Bruce A. Bolt

11. Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1187/http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1187/

12. Coast goes down Seafloor goes up Source: http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1187/http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1187/

13. Buried soil and fire pits capped by AD 1700 tsunami sand Salmon River, Oregon (Lincoln City area) Source: http://records.viu.ca/~earles/1700quake/1700p12.htm Soil from forest (black topsoil) occupied by native Americans (fire pits) was struck by a tsunami (tsunami sand) and brought down to intertidal level (tidal mud) by the AD 1700 Cascadia subduction zone earthquake.

14.  20 earthquakes ruptured all on the subduction zone.  2 to 3 earthquakes ruptured three quarters of subduction zone.  19 earthquakes ruptured the southern half or quarter of the subduction zone. Turbidites show how much of the subduction zone ruptured in ~42 earthquakes over the last 10,000 years. Mw ~9 500 yrs Mw 8.5-8.8 430 yrs Mw 8.5-8.3 320 yrs Mw 7.6-8.4 240 yrs (Modified from Goldfinger et al. (in press) by adding magnitude estimates and some labels) Recurrence

15. Source: 2010 issue of Cascadia

16. DateLocationMagnitudeOther 9/16/2015Illapel, Chile8.3 Mw14 fatalities, 6 missing 4/25/2015Nepal7.8 Mw9,018 fatalities 6/22/2014Alaska, United States7.9 Mw 4/1/2014Northern Chile8.2 Mw6 fatalities 2/6/2013Santa Cruz Islands, Solomon Islands8.0 Mw13 fatalities 4/11/2012 2012 Indian Ocean Earthquakes. Northern Sumatra, Indonesia, 8.6 & 8.2 Mw 10 fatalities 3/11/2011Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami. Honshu, Japan 9.0, 7.9 & 7.7 Mw 18,184 fatalities, 2,000 missing 2/27/2010Bio-Bio, Chile8.8 Mw525 fatalities DateLocationMagnitudeOther 3/27/1964Alaska, United States9.2 Mw 15 dead from EQ, 106 dead from tsunami 12/26/2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami. Northern Sumatra, Indonesia 9.1 Mw230,000- 300,000 fatalities 3/11/2011Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami. Honshu, Japan 9.0, 7.9 & 7.7 Mw 18,184 fatalities, 2,000 missing 2/27/2010Bio-Bio, Chile8.8 Mw525 fatalities 3/28/20052005 Sumatra Quake Northern Sumatra, Indonesia8.6 Mw1,313 fatalities 4/11/2012 2012 Indian Ocean Earthquakes. Northern Sumatra, Indonesia, 8.6 & 8.2 Mw10 fatalities 9/12/2007Sumatra, Indonesia8.5 Mw25 fatalities

17. Damaged, but life safety survivable

18. Loma Prieta Seminary, 1989 2001 Nisqually -- 1st Avenue and Vicinity, Seattle

19. Example: Lincoln City, Oregon (DOGAMI GMS-93) ShakeMaps do not take into account LIQUEFACTION (water-saturated sand or silt turning to quicksand or “quicksilt” during shaking). Liquefaction can cause lateral spreading on even gentle slopes. Heavy objects sink (concrete structures). Light objects rise (fuel tanks). Highest Hazard Intermediate

20. Liquefaction Earthquake shaking can cause soils to behave like a liquid and lose their ability to support structures. 1964 magnitude 7.5 Niigata earthquake in Japan

22. If you feel an earthquake:  Drop, cover and hold Earthquake will seriously delay emergency response.  Strong ground motions for 3 to 5 minutes.  Liquefaction and earthquake force will cause extensive landslides, cutting lifelines  Most bridges will be damaged and damage may not be obvious to a lay observer  Nearly all buildings will be damaged by the earthquake, including those that may be designated as emergency shelters.  Coast will be cut up into “islands” by slides and bridge failure, probably for weeks. KNOW THE RESOURCES IN YOUR ISLAND AND PLAN ACCORDINGLY

23. » Drop low to the floor ˃You don’t want to be thrown down by the shaking » Seek Cover ˃To protect yourself from falling debris ˃Use the best cover available » Hold On to the Cover ˃The shaking may cause the cover to “walk” around. Stay with it!

27. Nisqually 2001, WA State office bldg

30. Non-structural Mitigation

31. Is Your Home Protected: A Homeowner’s Guide to Eartjhquake Retrofit, by IBHS http://www.sjgov.org/oes/PDF/survival/NonStructural_Mitigation2.pdf

32. And just when you thought the earthquake was bad enough! If you are at the Coast -

34. 33 Corvallis, OR http://www.opb.org/aftershock/

35. 34 You can live – 3 Seconds without blood 3 minutes without air 3 hours without shelter 3 days without water 3 weeks without food

36. Emergency.oregonstate.edu Emergency.oregonstate.edu/training Emergency.oregonstate.edu/preparedness-topics 35

37. A little bit of preparedness goes a long way! Questions? 36 The OSU Press has made the online version of this book available to the general public without charge. http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/oer/earthq uake/index.html http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/oer/earthq uake/index.html The book contains the information about how to upgrade your house against earthquakes, including the interior, organizing a preparedness kit, earthquake insurance, in addition to chapters on the subduction zone, crustal faults, etc.