1. Analyzing the Issues and Songs of African Americans During the Great Depression

2.   Assess the impact of a reform movement on minority populations and political affiliations.  How can rights be denied to citizens of a democracy?  How do the arts help us gain historical empathy?  How are the arts an agent for social change? Essential Questions

3.  Jim Crow America

4.  African Americans Hardest Hit by the Great Depression  Most vulnerable to fluctuations in the economy- black businesses and their communities affected immediately  Unemployment rate double that of whites

5.  Sharecroppers  Price of cotton plunges from 18 cents to 6 cents a pound.  2/3’s of black farmers earn no income or go into debt

6.  Black Labor: “Last Hired and First Fired”  Black workers excluded from unions (job and wage security)  Blacks relegated to “Negro Jobs”  Faced competition from unemployed whites  Approximately ½ of African Americans out of work

7. Relief Rolls Soar 25-40% of African Americans in urban areas on relief Discrimination in starvation Retrieve American democracy through political influence

8. Reconstruction 13 th Amendment 14 th Amendment 15 th Amendment

9.  Rights Denied

10.  Northern Black Voters

11.  Democrats

12.   AAA Cash benefits for crop reduction > landlords keep money  PWA Federal public works> black hospitals, community centers, buildings at black colleges BUT African Americans did not secure employment in certain localities  CCC Employment of young men, conservation> strict segregation, 200,000 African Americans work and receive education, illiteracy eliminated First New Deal Programs: Intentions, Limited Impacts for African Americans

13.  Second New Deal Programs: Intentions, Limited Impacts for African Americans  WPA Provide relief and employment > wage differentials  Social Security Old age assistance, unemployment benefits > agricultural and domestic workers excluded, African Americans failed to qualify

14.   Constructs  Purpose  Step Behind the Author  Journaling/Notetaking Letters to FDR

15.  FDR’s “Black Cabinet”  Appointed larger number of blacks than previous presidents  “Black brain trust”  Advisers on “Negro affairs”  50,000 in 1933 > 200,000 in 1946  Mary McLeod Bethune, Director of the Division of Negro Affairs for the National Youth Association

16.  Eleanor Roosevelt

17.  African Americans React to the New Deal

18.  Lynching  Definition  American Lynching Culture  Historical Developments  Types  1882-1968 Statistics*  4,743 Americans lynched  3,446 African Americans *Provided by Archives at Tuskegee Institute

19.  A Lynching in Marion, Indiana, 1930

20.  Eyewitness Accounts

21.  Anti-Lynching Crusader: Ida B. Wells

22.  Anti-Lynching Crusader: NAACP

23.  The Arts: Agent for Social Change

24.  “Strange Fruit”

25.  “A Song for a Dark Girl” Langston Hughes

26.  Liberty and Justice for All? The Scottsboro Case

27.  The Trials

28.  A Mass Movement

29.  The Arts Respond

30.  “Scottsboro Boys” Leadbelly

31.  Scottsboro Limited Langston Hughes

32.  To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee

33.   Assess the impact of a reform movement on minority populations and political affiliations.  How can rights be denied to citizens of a democracy?  How do the arts help us gain historical empathy?  How are the arts an agent for social change? Essential Questions