1. Bell Ringer: 5 Minutes  In your notes, write a summary for your Topic #2 notes.

2. Topic # 3 Classification of Matter EQ: How is matter classified and how do physical and chemical changes differ? Matter? Does it Matter? What’s the Matter?

3. So, What is Matter ?  Matter is defined as anything that has : Mass (inertia: Mass (inertia: a resistance to change in movement a resistance to change in movement Takes up space (volume) Takes up space (volume)

4. Physical States of Matter There’s 4 of them !  SOLIDS Have definite (or fixed) shape and volume Have definite (or fixed) shape and volume The particles in a solid are held fairly rigidly in place. The particles in a solid are held fairly rigidly in place.

5. Physical States of Matter There’s 4 of them !  LIQUIDS Have a definite volume but no fixed shape. Have a definite volume but no fixed shape. The particles in a liquid are free to flow around each other The particles in a liquid are free to flow around each other

6. Physical States of Matter There’s 4 of them !  GASES Have neither definite or fixed shape or volume. Have neither definite or fixed shape or volume. The particles in a gas are: widely disbursed, The particles in a gas are: widely disbursed, interact weakly, interact weakly, move independently at high speed, move independently at high speed, and completely fill any container they occupy. and completely fill any container they occupy.

7. 4 th Type of Matter PLASMA Gases whose particles are so hot they have acquired an electrical charge. Gases whose particles are so hot they have acquired an electrical charge.

8. A. Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous MixtureCompoundElement MIXTUREPURE SUBSTANCE yesno Can it be chemically decomposed? noyes Is the composition uniform? noyes ColloidsSuspensions

9. Pure Substances  every sample has same: characteristic properties characteristic properties composition composition  are made of: one type of atom: element one type of atom: element Ex: iron, gold, oxygenEx: iron, gold, oxygen 2 or more types of atoms: compound 2 or more types of atoms: compound Ex: salt, sugar, waterEx: salt, sugar, water

10. Which are pure substances?

11. Mixtures  blend of 2 or more types of matter  each component keeps its own identity and properties  the components are only physically mixed  can be separated using physical means  properties of the mixture are a combination of the componenent’s properties

12. Homogeneous Mixtures  also called solution  uniform in composition  no visible parts Ex:  vinegar  clear air  salt water  brass

13. Mixtures

14. Heterogeneous Mixtures  not uniform in composition  visible parts Ex:  soil  concrete  blood  chocolate chip cookies  sand in water  iced tea with ice

15. Substance or Mixture?  A homogeneous mixture looks like a substance  Is the material in question always a single kind of material? For instance, there are different grades of gasoline and different kinds of cough syrup  Is the material in question physically separable?

16. Physical Separation Techniques  Filtration- solid part is trapped by filter paper and the liquid part runs through the paper  Vaporization- where the liquid portion is evaporated off to leave solid

17. Physical Separation Techniques  Decanting- when liquid is poured off after solid has settled to bottom  Centrifuge- machine that spins a sample very quickly so that components with different densities will separate

18. Physical Separation Techniques  Paper Chromatography- used to separate mixtures because different parts move quicker on paper than other

19. Classify the following as a substance or a mixture  Silver  Alphabet soup  Apple juice  Table salt (sodium chloride)  Motor oil

21. Practice Determine whether each of the following is element, compound, homogeneous mixture or heterogeneous mixture.  air  zinc  chlorine  granite  aluminum  sugar in water  blood  sucrose  stainless steel  sodium chloride  brass  whole milk  apple  table salt  soft drinks  vinegar  concrete  sodium  baking soda (NaHCO 3 )  gravel

22.  How do you separate different substances from a mixture? You have just been given the latest creation of your science teacher. The teacher presents you with a mixture of sawdust, iron filings, salt, and sand. He needs to separate the mixture and wants your help. You are to separate the mixture and find the total mass of each of the substances in the mixture!  You are to describe your proposed separation plan. Present your plan to your teacher for approval.  You will then conduct the experiment and separate the mixture  Upon completion of the experiment each member of the group will submit a final paper

23. The Final Paper Must Include the Following: *Introduction: Define a mixture and properties of the ingredients in this mixture *Materials: List of lab equipment used *Procedures: Numbered step by step procedures to took to separate the mixture *Results: Mass of each substance *Conclusion: A description of problems you encountered while conducting the lab Ideas as to how you could improve your methods to better separate each ingredient. Ideas as to how you could improve your methods to better separate each ingredient.