1. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Skeletal System- What do you know? How many bones are in the human body? Who has more bones an adult or a baby? Are bones alive? What is the smallest bone?

2. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. How many bones are there in the human body? Of the 206 bones in the skeletal system, 52 of them make both our feet

3. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Skeletal System- Did you know? How many bones are in the human body? Who has more bones an adult or a baby? Are bones alive? What is the smallest bone?

4. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Who has more bones? Babies have more than adults! At birth, you have about 300 bones. As you grow older, small bones join together to make big ones. Adults end up with about 206 bones

5. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Skeletal System- Did you know? How many bones are in the human body? Who has more bones an adult or a baby? Are bones alive? What is the smallest bone?

6. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Are Bones Alive? Absolutely. Old bones are dead, dry and brittle. But in the body, bones are very much alive. They have their own nerves and blood vessels, and they do various jobs, such as storing body minerals like calcium. Bones are made of a mix of hard stuff that gives them strength and tons of living cells which help them grow and repair themselves.

7. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Skeletal System- Did you know? How many bones are in the human body? Who has more bones an adult or a baby? Are bones alive? What is the smallest bone?

8. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. What is the smallest bone? The smallest bone is the 'stirrup', deep in the ear. It is hardly larger than a grain of rice. The largest bone is the pelvis, or hip bone. In fact it is made of six bones joined firmly together. The longest bone is the 'femur', in the thigh. It makes up almost one quarter of the body's total height.

9. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. A Living Language Medical Terminology Chapter 4 Musculoskeletal System

10. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Skeletal System at a Glance Functions of Skeletal System Internal framework of body Supports body Protects internal organs Point of attachment for muscles Produces blood cells Stores minerals

11. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Skeletal System at a Glance Organs of Skeletal System Bones of the skeleton Joints

12. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Anatomy and Physiology Bones are body organs with blood supply, nerves, and lymphatic vessels Bones are connected to each other to form skeleton Framework for the body 206 bones

13. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Anatomy and Physiology Red bone marrow within bones produces blood cells Bones also: Protect vital organs Store minerals

14. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Anatomy and Physiology Joint Place where two bones meet Held together by ligaments Gives flexibility to skeleton

15. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Bones Also called osseous tissue One of hardest materials in body Formed from gradual process before birth called ossification Cartilage Strong flexible connective tissue Osteoblasts Immature bone cells Osteocytes Mature bone cells

16. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Four Shapes of Bones Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones Longer than wide Example: femur humerus Roughly as long as wide Example: carpals tarsals Plate- shaped Example: sternum scapula pelvis Shape very irregular Example: vertebrae

17. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Diagram Turn to page 83 in the blue textbook. Label the diagram on your handout that shows the classification of bones by shape, using the diagram at the top of the page.

18. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 4.1 – Classification of bones by shape.

19. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Long Bones Majority of bones in body Divided into: Diaphysis Epiphysis

20. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Diaphysis Central shaft Medullary cavity Open canal within diaphysis Contains yellow bone marrow Mostly fat

21. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Epiphysis Wide ends of long bone Distal epiphysis Proximal epiphysis Articular cartilage Covers epiphysis Prevents bone rubbing on bone

22. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Periosteum Covers surface of bone not covered by articular cartilage Thin connective tissue membrane Contains numerous nerve and lymphatic vessels

23. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Compact Bone Also called cortical bone Very dense and hard Outer layer of bone Found in both epiphysis and diaphysis

24. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Cancellous Bone Also called spongy bone Found inside bone Has spaces containing red bone marrow Manufactures blood cells

25. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Diagram Turn to page 83 in the blue textbook. Label the diagram on your handout that shows the components of long bones, using the diagram at the bottom of the page.

26. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Figure 4.2 – Components of a long bone.

27. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Bony Process Bony process- a projection in the surface of a bone. (point that sticks out) Purpose:helps with bone to bone contact (articulation), muscle attachment. Bony processes on femur

28. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Common Bony Processes Head Large smooth ball-shaped end of a long bone Condyle Smooth rounded portion at end of bone Epicondyle Projection above or on a condyle Trochanter Large rough process Tubercle Small rough process Tuberosity Large rough process

29. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Bony Depression Bony depression- surface depressions, hollow regions or cavities found in bone. Ex. Sinus Hollow cavity within bone Foramen Smooth opening for nerves and blood vessels Fossa Shallow cavity or depression within a bone Fissure Deep groove or slit-like opening