1. From CUORICINO to CUORE The bolometric way to double beta decay on behalf of the CUORE collaboration PANIC08 EILAT November 2008 Maria Martinez INFN Milano-Bicocca

2. 2 OUTLINE PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez 1. The bolometric way to DBD0v 2. CUORICINO: Experiment description and results 3. Towards CUORE experiment 4. The next step: CUORE-0 5. Conclusions

3. 3 The bolometric way to DBD0v PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez DBD0v DBD 0 : (A,Z)  (A,Z+2) + 2e - DBD 2 : (A,Z)  (A,Z+2) + 2e - + 2 e Allowed by SM effective Majorana mass:  m  =| ∑ k m k  k | U ek | 2 | A second order weak deay: NOT Allowed by SM If observed, it implies: ±1 if CP conserved Mixing matrix is a Majorana particle Aboslute mass scale Observed  1/2 ~ 10 20 -20 21 y

4. The bolometric way to DBD0v PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez DBD0v Expected rate and Sensitivity Light Majorana mediated DBD0 decay rate:     =  m  2 G(Q ,Z) |M  | 2 me 2me 2 Nuclear Matrix elements UNCERTAIN!! Phase space  Q  5 Sensitivity: lifetime corresponding to the minimum detectable number of events over background at a given confidence level  i.a. M ∙ t meas  E∙bkg ½ A     background level energy resolution live time source mass

5. The bolometric way to DBD0v PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez DBD0v. Present situation Klapdor-K et al. Phys. Lett. B 586 (2004) 198-212 Heidelberg-Moscow claim  1/2 0  = (0.69 – 4.18) 10 25 y (3  ) = 0.24 - 0.58 eV

6. 6 PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez The bolometric technique The bolometric way to DBD0v Thermal coupling Thermometer incident particle Crystal absorber The energy release is measured as:  T = E/C Heat sink SOURCE = DETECTOR (CALORIMETER) T ~ 10 mK Very good energy resolution Wide choice of materials Hybrid detectors (heat+light, heat+ionization)

7. 7 CUORICINO PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORICINO The  emitter: 130 Te The largest bolometric experiment operated up to now 62 TeO 2 bolometers Q  i.a.(%) Can be grow to large size Good intrinsic radiopurity Good bolometric performances The material: TeO 2 OPERATION TEMPERATURE ~9 mK NTD thermistor

8. 8 CUORICINO PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORICINO SETUP 11 modules, 4 detector each Crystals: 5x5x5 cm 3, 790 g 2 modules, 9 detector each Crystals: 3x3x6 cm 3, 330 g 2 enriched in 128 Te (82.3%) 2 enriched in 130 Te (75%) CUORICINO TOWER 40.7 kg of TeO 2 11.34 kg 130 Te 20 cm low- background lead 10 cm roman lead (<4mBq/kg 210 Pb) 1.2 cm roman lead (<4mBq/kg 210 Pb) Dilution unit Neutron shielding (10 cm borated PET) Cold finger ~10 mK Nitrogen overpresure

9. 9 PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORICINO @ LNGS CUORICINO CUORE Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (ITALY) (3500 m.w.e. ) From March 2003 to June 2008 CUORICINO

10. 10 PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORICINO PERFORMANCES Duty cycle ~ 60% Average FWHM resolution @2615 keV : ~ 8 keV (5x5x5 cm 3 crystals) CUORICINO Typical calibration spectra ( 232 Th)

11. 11 CUORICINO PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORICINO BACKGROUND @ ROI Bkg @ DBD0n region = 0.18±0.01 c/keV/kg/y (ainticoincidence spectrum, 5x5x5 cm 3 crystals) 30 ± 5 % 232 Th in cryostat30 ± 5 % 232 Th in cryostat 20 ± 5 % TeO 2 surface20 ± 5 % TeO 2 surface 50 ± 10 % Cu surface50 ± 10 % Cu surface  +  60 Co Q 0  (2 533 keV)

12. 12 CUORICINO PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORICINO RESULTS 60 Co sum peak 2505 keV ~ 3 FWHM from DBD Q-value 130 Te 0  MT = 15.53 kg 130 Te  y   /2 0 ( 130 Te) > 3.1  10 24 y (90% c.l.)  m  * < 0.20 – 0.68 eV to be published previous result Phys. Rev. C 78 (2008) 035502 No evidence for DBD0 observed Partial statistics, updated to August 2007 *NME from the review table of QRPA calculation in Rodin et al Nucl. Phys. A 766,107 (2006) + Erratum nucl-th:0706.4304v1

13. 13 CUORICINO PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORICINO RESULTS Vs HM CLAIM    (HM Claim) 130 Te    Predicted range Cuoricino 3.1x10 24 y

14. 14 PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORE Towards CUORE Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events GRANULARITY Array of 988 detectors closely packed in 19 cuoricino-like towers SELF-SHIELDING 741 kg TeO 2 200 kg 130 Te A second generation experiment with the possibility of exploring most of the inverted hierarchy

15. 15 Towards CUORE PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORE PROSPECTS CUORICINO BACKGROUND M ∙ t measc  E∙bkg ½     Main sources of background in CUORICINO: Surfaces facing Work ongoing Surfaces facing Work ongoing detectors detectors 232 Th in cryostat Better shielding CUORE Tl line bkg = < 10 -3 c/keV/kg/y TeO 2 surface Proper surface treatments TeO 2 surface Proper surface treatments Hall C measured contamination < 3 10 -3 c/keV/kg/y Hall C measured contamination ~ 2/4 10 -2 c/keV/kg/y M = 20 x M CUORICINO t measc = 5 x t CUORICINO  E = 5 keV = 1.6 x  E CUORICINO Conservative Aggressive

16. 16 PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORE STATUS Towards CUORE CUORE has a dedicated site in LNGS and the construction has started The refrigerator is fully funded and has already been ordered 1000 crystals are funded by INFN and DoE and the delivery will start in Nov

17. 17 PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORE SCHEDULE Towards CUORE 2008: Hut construction Crystals production 2009: Utilities Clean room External Shielding Cryostat Installation and commissioning 2010-11: Detector assembly Faraday Cage Front-end & DAQ 2012: Data taking CUORE has a dedicated site in LNGS and the construction has started The refrigerator is fully funded and has already been ordered 1000 crystals are funded by INFN and DoE and the delivery will start in Nov

18. 18 PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez The next step: CUORE-0 The first tower of CUORE 52 crystals TeO2, 750 g each To be installed in CUORICINO cryostat during 2009 CUORE-0 The next step : CUORE-0 Expected sensitivity:

19. 19 PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CONCLUSIONS Neutrinoless double beta decay seraches can fix the absolute mass scale of the neutrino and determine its nature (Dirac or Majorana). CUORICINO has operated @ LNGS from March 2003 to June 2008 with excellent performances, demonstrating the feasibility of a large scale bolometric detector. The statistics acquired until August 2007, corresponding to a total exposure of 15.53 kg 130 Te  yr, show no evidence of DBD0, resulting in a lower bound  1/2 0 ( 130 Te)≥ 3.1 × 10 24 yr. The corresponding upper bound on the effective Majorana mass of the electron neutrino is 0.20-0.68 eV. CUORE is the only second generation DBD0 experiment in construction phase. It could explore most of the inverted hierarchy region. CUORE-0, “the first tower of CUORE”, will be installed @ LNGS during 2009

20. 20 THE CUORE COLABORATION C. Arnaboldi1,2, C. Brofferio1,2, S. Capelli1,2, L. Carbone2, M.Carrettoni1,2, M.Clemenza1,2, O. Cremonesi2, E. Ferri1,2, E. Fiorini1,2, L.Gironi1,2, S.Kraft1,2, C.Maiano1,2, C.Nones1,2, A. Nucciotti1,2, L. Pattavina1,2, M. Pavan1,2, G. Pessina2, S. Pirro2, E. Previtali2, D.Schaeffer1,2, M. Sisti1,2 and L.Zanotti1,2 1 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Milano-Bicocca e 2 Sezione di Milano dell'INFN, Milano I-20126, Italy R. Ardito and G. Maier Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale del Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20133, Italy F.Bellini, C.Cosmelli, I.Dafinei, R.Faccini, F.Ferroni, C.Gargiulo, E.Longo, S. Morganti, M. Olcese and M.Vignati Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita' di Roma La Sapienza e Sezione di Roma dell'INFN, Roma I-00185, Italy M.M.Deninno, N.Moggi, F.Rimondi, and S.Zucchelli Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita' di Bologna e Sezione di Bologna dell'INFN, Bologna I- 40126, Italy M.Martinez Lab. of Nucl. and High Energy Physics, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain A. de Waard adnG. Frossati Kamerling Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RAQ, Leiden, The Netherlands J. Beeman1, A.Bryant2,3, M.P.Decowski2,3, S.J.Freedman2,3, E.Guardincerri2, E.E. Haller1,4, R.Kadel5, L.Kogler2,3, Yu.G.Kolomensky3,5, A.R. Smith2 and N. Xu2 1Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley, CA 94720 2Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley, CA 94720 3Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 4Department of Materials Science and Engineering,U. of California at Berkeley, CA 94720 USA 5Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley, CA 94720 M.J. Dolinski1,3, K.Kazkaz1, E.B. Norman1,2 and N.D.Scielzo1 1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA 2 Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 3 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA H.Z. Huang, S. Trentalange, C. Whitten Jr. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547. T.D. Gutierrez California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA F.T. Avignone III, I. Bandac, R.J. Creswick, H.A. Farach, C.Martinez, L.Mizouni and C. Rosenfeld Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia S.C. 29208 USA L.Ejzak, K.M.Heeger, R.H.Maruyama and S.Sangiorgio University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706 USA Y.Ma, X.Cai, D.Fang, W.Tian and H.Wang Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Shanghai, China M. Barucci, L. Risegari, M. Barucci, L. Risegari, and G. Ventura Dipartimento di Fisica dell' Università di Firenze e Sezione di Firenze dell' INFN, Firenze I-50125, Italy S.Di Domizio1,2, A.Giachero1,3, P. Ottonello1,2, M.Pallavicini1,2 and D.Torazza1,2 1 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita' diGenova e 2 Sezione di Genova dell'INFN, Genova I-16146, Italy 3 Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67010, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy M. Balata, C. Bucci, P. Gorla, S.Nisi, D.Orlandi, E.L.Tatananni, C.Tomei, and C.Zarra Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67010, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy E.Andreotti, L.Foggetta, A. Giuliani, M. Pedretti, C.Rusconi and C.Salvioni Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica dell'Università dell'Insubria e Sezione di Milano dell' INFN, Como I-22100, Italy A.De Biasi, G. Keppel, V. Palmieri and V. Rampazzo Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Via Romea 4, I-35020 Legnaro (Padova)‏ F. Alessandria Sezione di Milano dell'INFN, Milano I-20133, Italy ] PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez

21. 21 PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez SPARE

22. 22 Towards CUORE PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez CUORE HUT PROJECTED CUORE HUT @ LNGS HALL A

23. 23 SPARE PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez SPARE

24. 24 PANIC08 EILAT. November 2008 M. Martinez SPARE