1. Vielitzer Straße 43 Linseis Inc. 95100 Selb 20 Washington Road GERMANY
Tel.:
Fax:
Linseis Inc.
20 Washington Road
P.O.Box 666
Princeton-Jct. NJ 08550
Tel.: (609)
Fax: (609)

2. The Company
Since 1957 Linseis Corporation delivers outstanding service, know how and leading innovative products in the field of thermal analysis and thermal physical properties. We are driven by innovation and customer satisfaction. Customer orientation, innovation, flexibility and last but not least highest quality are what Linseis stands for from the very beginning. Thanks to these fundamentals our company enjoys an exceptional reputation among the leading scientific and industrial companies.
Claus Linseis
Managing Director

3. The Company Linseis Germany Vielitzerstr. 43 95100 Selb Linseis USA
08550
Princeton Jct. / NJ

4. What is Thermal Analysis?
Materials
Additives
Plasticizers
Impurities
Fillers
Processing
Thermal treatment
Mechanical stressing
Shaping
Storage and use
Material
Properties

5. What is Thermal Analysis?O2
Heating
heat capacity
expansivity
modulus
Melting
melting point crystallinity
softening
purity
Oxidation
OIT
stabilizers
burning profile
Decom- position
temperature
content
kinetics
Temperature
high
low

6. What is Thermal Analysis?
Material Properties
Melting point / melting range
Crystallization behavior
Glass transition temperature
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Thermal stability
Decomposition temperatures and kinetics
Oxidation induction time / temperature , OIT
Crosslinking behavior
Purity
Visco-elastic properties: modulus, damping and creep
Swelling behavior
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal Diffusivity

7. What is Thermal Analysis?
Chemical Reactions and Properties
Reactions between components in the formulation or the atmosphere
Effect of catalysts
Chemical bonding of plasticizers
Crosslinking reactions
Chain scission
Oxidative reactions
Degradation breakdown
Molecular structure and bond strengths
Chemical weather and ageing effects
Effect of additives
Polymerizations

8. What is Thermal Analysis?
Physical Properties
Specific heat capacity
Physical transitions
Mass or weight changes
Mechanical properties such as dimension, deformation, storage and loss modulus
Thermal Conductivity / Thermal Diffusivity
Nature of evolved gas

9. What is Thermal Analysis?
Industry
Application
Research & Development
Quality Control
Service Labs
Academia
Polymers
Food
Cosmetics
Forensics
Textiles
Electronics
Automotive
Aerospace
Packaging
Biochemistry
Biopolymers
Ceramics
Metal
Composites
Adhesives
Paints
Lacquers
Resins
Pharmaceutical …

10. Thermal Analysis Applications
Glass transition
Crystallization
Melting
Degradation
Oxidation
Phase transitions
Compatibility
Identification
Polymers
Polyolefins
Resins
Adhesives
Blends
Composites
Paints
Polymers

11. Thermal Analysis Applications
Polymorphism
Crystallization
Phase transitions
Identification of components
Compatibility
Stability
Purity
Binary phase diagrams
Moisture
Drugs
Drug delivery systems
Excipients
Manufacturing additives
Packaging materials
Pharmaceuticals

12. Thermal Analysis Applications
Formulation
Compatibility
Stability
Polymorphism
Glass transition
Crystallization
Raw material identification
Organic content
Pigment color analysis
Water content
Lipsticks
Fats
Waxes
Creams
Nail varnish
Polymer packaging
Cosmetics

13. Thermal Analysis Applications
Polymorphism
Identification of components
Crystallization
Thermal history
Stability
Glass transition
Vaporization
Denaturizing
Visco-elastic behavior
Swelling
Edible fats and oils
Fatty acids
Cocoa butter
Starch
Sugar
Proteins
Food

14. Thermal Analysis Applications
Identification of components
Crystallization
Phase transitions
Binary phase diagrams
Polymorphism
Hazard analysis
Oxidation stability
Explosives
Lubricants
Paraffin
Waxes
Pitches
Liquid Crystals
Oils
Petrochemicals and
Organic Chemicals

15. Thermal Analysis Applications
Calibration standards
Carbonates
Cement
Coal
Fillers
Hydrates
Gypsum
Metals and alloys
Glass
Ceramics
Minerals
Water determinations
Phase transitions
Inorganics

16. Product Index DSC Differential Scanning Calorimeter
STA Simultaneous Thermal Analysis
DSC / DTA High Temperature DTA/DSC
DIL Dilatometry
TMA Thermomechanical Analysis
EGA Gas analysis / Couplings
LFA Thermal Diffusivity
Thermal Conductivity

17. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is most popular thermal analysis technique it measures endothermic and exothermic transitions as a function of temperature
- Endothermic = heat flows into a sample
Exothermic = heat flows out of the sample
The instrument is used to characterize polymers, pharmaceuticals, foods/biologicals, organic chemicals and Inorganics. Transitions measured include Tg, melting, crystallization, curing and cure kinetics, onset of oxidation and heat capacity.

18. Differential Scanning Calorimeter – DSC
DSC PT 10
The DSC PT10 comprises the advantages of latest technology, highest resolution and a robust easy to use instrument design. The measurement principle of heat flux allows ultimate measurement precision. The used sensor has a very high resolution and can be calibrated very accurately. The optional software controlled gas box enables Oxidation Induction Time (OIT) measurements. The Kinetic software and many other features provide the perfect solution for any calorimetric experiment.

19. Specifications Temperature range: -150 up to 700°C
Heating and cooling rates: up to 100°C/min
Resolution: uW
Cooling: Air, LN2, intracooler
Gas control box: up to 4 gases
Atmosphere: inert, oxid., red.

20. Application - Food

21. Application - PET

22. Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) TG – DTA/DSC
Simultaneous TGA-DTA/DSC measures both heat flow and weight changes in a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere. Simultaneous measurement of these two material properties not only improves productivity but also simplifies interpretation of the results. The complimentary information obtained allows differentiation between endothermic and exothermic events which have no associated weight loss (e.g., melting and crystallization) and those which involve a weight loss (e.g., degradation).

23. STA - System open protection tube for EGA Sensor Furnace Gas inlet
Vacuum
Purge gas
Sensor
Gas inlet
Gas outlet

24. STA - Sensors DSC (enthalpy): E / K / S / B DSC Cp: E / K / S / B
DTA: E / K / S /B / W
TG: different designs

25. STA PT1000
The Linseis STA PT1000 is a top loading Thermobalance, which offers a highly user friendly design. Even at a sample weight of up to 10g the Tara is done electronically. The specially designed furnaces allow fast heating and cooling rates as well as a highly precise temperature control. Exchanging the different TGA, DTA or DSC measuring systems is only a question of minutes.

26. STA PT1600
The STA PT1600 is the high end Simultaneous Thermobalance from Linseis. The system offers unparalleled TG and DSC resolution in combination with highest vacuum capabilities and TG drift stability.
The system is modular due to five exchangeable furnaces, many different measuring systems and crucibles. The coupling ability and many other optional accessories guarantee the perfect setup for whatever application.

27. STA Specifications STA PT 1000 STA PT 16000
Temperature range: RT up to 1100°C -150 up to 500°C,
RT up to 1400/1500°C RT up to 1600/1750°C
RT up to 2000/2400°C
Sample mass: 5 / 10g 5 / 10 / 25g
Resolution: / 0.5ug / 0.5ug
Atmosphere: inert, oxid., red., vac. Inert, oxid., red., vac.
Vacuum: 10E-2 mbar 10E-5 mbar
Pressure: optional 2/5 bar
Sample Carriers: TG – DTA/DSC TG – DTA/DSC
DSC meas. systems: E/K/S E/K/S/B

28. Application – Decomposition of CaC2O4

29. Application - Cement

30. High Temperature DSC / DTA
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is most popular thermal analysis technique it measures endothermic and exothermic transitions as a function of temperature
- Endothermic = heat flows into a sample
- Exothermic = heat flows out of the sample
Linseis offers a unique line of high temperature DTA and DSC systems.

31. High Temperature DSC / DTA
The Linseis high temperature DTA/DSC are designed to deliver highest calorimetric sensitivity, short time constants and a condensation free sample chamber. These features guarantee superior resolution, baseline stability over the entire instrument lifetime. Thus providing a indispensable tool for material development, R&D and quality control.
The modular concept of the DSC and DTA systems allows the use of different furnaces with a temperature range from -150 up to 2400°C, different measuring systems for DSC and DTA as well as many different crucibles. The vacuum tight design enables quantitative enthalpy and Cp (Specific Heat) determination under cleanest atmospheres as well as under vacuum 10E-5mbar. Additionally the systems can be coupled to a MS or FTIR.

32. DTA/DSC - System open protection tube for EGA Sensor Furnace Gas inlet
Vacuum
Sensor
Gas inlet
Gas outlet

33. High Temperature DSC DSC PT1600
Temperature range: up to 500°C
RT up to 1400/1500/ RT up to 1650/1750°C
Sensors: E / K / S / B
DSC- Cp, DSC, DTA
Vacuum: E-5 mbar
Atmospheres: inert, oxid., red., vac.

34. High Temperature DTA DTA PT1600
Temperature range: up to 500°C
RT up to 1400/1500/ RT up to 1650/1750°C
RT up to 2000/2400°C
Sensors: E / K / S / B / W
DTA
Vacuum: E-5 mbar
Atmospheres: inert, oxid., red., vac.

35. Application – Magnetic Ferrites

36. Dilatation
Dilatometry (DIL) is a technique in which a dimension of a substance under negligible load is measured as a function of temperature while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature program in a specified atmosphere.

37. Dilatometer L76 & L75 DIL L76 Horizontal DIL L75 Vertical

38. DIL System Measuring System Pushrod Sample Display Furnace
L75 PLATINUM SERIES DILATOMETER

39. DIL Measuring Systems Quartz Measuring System for large Samples 20mmØ
Quartz Measuring System standard
Al2O3 Measuring System standard
Adapter for powders & pastes
Al2O3 Measuring System contact free

40. Specifications
Model L76 PT Horizontal L75 PT Horizontal L75 PT Vertical
Temperature range : up to 500°C up to 500°C
RT up to 1000/1400/ RT up to 1000/1400 RT up to 1000/1400
1600°C 1600/2000°C RT up to 1600/ /2400/2800°C
Resolution: nm/digit nm/digit nm/digit
Sample length: 25/50 mm 25/50 mm 25/50 mm
Sample diameter: 7/14/20 mm 7/14/20 mm 7/14 mm
Sample number: Single or differential Single or differential Single, differential or Quattro
Atmosphere: inert, red. inert, oxid., red., vac. inert, oxid., red., vac.
Sample holders: Fused Silica, Al2O3 Fused Silica, Al2O3, Fused Silica, Al2O3,
Sapphire, Graphite Sapphire, Graphite

41. Application – Softening Point Glass Sample

42. Application – Ceramic RCS (Rate Controlled Sintering)

43. Special Dilatometers Laser Dilatometer
The next step in expansion measurements. The L75 Laser
Dilatometer outperforms any conventional pushrod dilatometer
by offering a 33 times higher resolution. The measurement
principle is based on a Michelson interferometer thus
eliminating all mechanical errors. This outstanding patented
measurement principle can cope with latest high tech ultra
low expansion (ULE) materials. Linseis
Specifications
Method : Laser Dilatometer ”Michelson Principe“
Temperature range: up to 500°C
RT up to 1000°C
Sample length: up to 20 mm
Sample diameter: up to 7 mm
Resolution: nm
Atmosphere: inert, oxid., red., vac.
Vacuum: 10E-5 mbar
Sample preparation: same as conventional dilatometer

44. Special Dilatometers Quenching Dilatometer
The Quenching Dilatometer L78 RITA is especially suitable for the determination of TTT, CHT and CCT diagrams. The special induction furnace enables heating and cooling speeds in excess of 400°C/s. The system complies with ASTM A1033.
All critical parameters such as heat up and cool down speed, gas control and safety features are software controlled. Certainly export functions in ASCII-format as well as graphic output is possible.
Quenching Dilatometer
Specifications
Temperature range: RT up to 1000°C
RT up to 1600°C
Heating / cooling rates: up to 400°C/s for solid samples
Hollow samples even faster
Sample holders: Fused Silica, Al2O3
Sample length: 10 mm
Sample diameter: 6-7 mm
Atmosphere: inert, oxid., red, vac.
Vacuum: 10E-5 mbar
(with turbomolecular pump)

45. TMA – Thermomechanical Analysis
Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) measures linear or volumetric changes in the dimensions of a sample as a function of time, temperature and force in a controlled atmosphere.

46. TMA - System
TMA PT1000
TMA PT1600

47. TMA – Measuring Systems
Stress/Strain
Volumetric Expansion
3 Point Bending
Expansion
Penetration
E-Modulus

48. TMA PT1000
TMA PT1000
The Thermomechanical Analyzers TMA PT1000 and TMA PT1000 EM uniquely combine the flexibility of several measurement procedures under changing requirements.
The instrument can measure expansion and deformation at
highest precision.

49. TMA PT1600
TMA PT1600
The TMA PT1600 offers a broad temperature range (RT
up to 1600°C) for all kinds of Thermomechanical investigations.

50. TMA Specifications Model TMA PT1000 EM TMA PT1000 TMA PT1600
Temperature range: °C °C – 500°C
RT up to 1600°C
Cryo option: available available available
Force: 1/5.7N /5.7/20N 1N
Frequency: 1/5Hz — 1Hz
Resolution: nm nm nm
Atmosphere: inert, oxid inert, oxid inert, oxid
red., vac red., vac. red., vac.
Vacuum: 10E-5mbar E-5mbar 10E-5mbar

51. Application – Creep Behaviour

52. Application - PVC

53. EGA – Evolved Gas Analysis
TGA measures weight changes (quantitative)
Difficult to separate, identify, and quantify individual degradation products (off-gases)
Direct coupling to identification techniques (Mass Spec, FTIR) reduces this problem

54. TGA / STA – Mass Spectroscopy
MS – Mass Spectroscopy
Advantages:
Higher sensitivity and wider dynamic range than FTIR (1ppm vs. 10ppm).
Measures non-IR absorbing gases.
More rapid response.
Disadvantage:
Cannot distinguish between isomers. (e.g. N2 and CO)

55. TGA / STA - FTIR FTIR (Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy):
Advantages:
On-line measurement
Hydrocarbons are easy to identify
Disadvantages:
No detection of inert gases (no dipole moment)
Detection of inorganic gases limited

56. Application – Calcium Oxalate
Decomposition of Calcium Oxalate monohydrate CaC2O4 under Argon Atmosphere
The evolved gases from the decomposition of Calcium Oxalate have been fed into the Mass Spectrometer with a heated capillary. The ion currents for mass numbers 18 (water), 28 (carbon monoxide) and 44 (carbon dioxide) have been imported into the graph.

57. LFA – Thermal Conductivity / Thermal Diffusivity
The sample is positioned horizontally on a sample robot, located in a furnace. The furnace is then held at a predetermined temperature. At this temperature the sample bottom is then irradiated with a programmed energy pulse (laser or xenon flash). This energy pulse results in a homogeneous temperature rise at the sample top. The resulting temperature rise of the sample top is measured by a high speed IR detector and thermal diffusivity values are computed from the temperature rise versus time data. The resulting measuring signal computes the thermal diffusivity, and in most cases the specific heat (Cp) data. If the density (r) is identified, the thermal conductivity can be calculated:
λ(T)=α(T)*Cp(T)*ρ(T)

58. LFA - Systems
XFA 500 & LFA 1000
Information of the thermo physical properties of materials and heat transfer optimization of final products is becoming more and more vital for industrial applications. Over the past few decades, the flash method has developed into the most commonly used technique for the
measurement of the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of various kinds of solids, powders and liquids.

59. XFA/LFA Design

60. Measuring Range

61. XFA/LFA Specifications
Model XFA LFA 1000
Temperature range: RT up to up to 500°C
RT up to 1250/1600°C
Vacuum: 10E-5mbar 10E-5mbar
Atmosphere: inert, oxidizing or reducing inert, oxidizing or reducing
Sample dimensions: Ø 10 / 12.7 / 25.4 mm Ø 10 / 12.7 / 25.5 mm
□ 10x10 mm □ 10x10 mm
0.1 up to 6 mm thick 0.1 up to 6 mm thick
Max. Sample number: 6 samples 10 / 12,7mm 6 samples 10 / 12,7mm
3 samples Ø 25,4mm 3 samples Ø 25,4mm
Measuring range:
Thermal Diffusivity mm2/s mm2/s mm2/s mm2/s
Thermal Conductivity 0.1 W/(m·K) W/(m·K) 0.1 W/(m·K) W/(m·K)
Pulse source: Xenon Flash Nd: YAG Laser
Pulse energy: 10J/pulse 25J/pulse

62. Application – Graphite

63. Application – Aluminum / Copper