2. HUMAN RIGHTS: 1

3. LAST MEETING  Last meeting we have discussed the following topics:  1. The course description.  2. The course goals.  3. Human rights definition.  4. The main human rights conventions.

4. THERE WAS A QUESTION ?

5. THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS ASSIGNED A COMMITTEE TO DISCUSS A HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTION IN ORDER TO JOIN. WHAT WAS THAT CONVENTION?

7. IMPORTANT TO KNOW :

8. The Roman Numbers.

9. HUMAN RIGHTS ABBREVIATIONS.

10.  Human Rights Abbreviations:  ACHPR: African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and Protocols.  ACHR: American Convention on Human Rights.  CESCR: Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.  CERD: Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.  CRC: Convention on the Rights of the Child.  Committee on the Rights of the Child  CAT: Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment  CEDAW: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women  CERD: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination  European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child  HRC: United Nations Human Rights Committee  ICCPR: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights  ICESCR: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights  ICERD: International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.  UN: United Nations  UDHR: Universal Declaration of Human Rights.  UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

11. INTERNATIONAL CONCERN WITH HUMAN RIGHTS.

12. THE IDEA OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS.

13.  1. The world conference on human rights (Vienna 1993) reaffirmed the solemn commitment of all states to: * fulfill their obligations to promote universal respect for it, * to observe & protect all human rights in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, other instruments relating to human rights & international law.  2. The idea of protection of human rights was one of the remarkable developments in international law since the world war II, it was a revolutionary idea and traditional international law had no place for it.  That time Oppenheim wrote “ so-called rights of man; not only do not but can not enjoy any protection under international law, because that law is concerned solely with the relations between states and can not confer rights on individuals”.  So it must be governed only by national laws within their domestic jurisdiction.

14.  3. To change this attitude to a position where human rights a matter of international law with international remedies to protect those standards against any violation, that will consider as a major step.  4. Human rights situation nowadays in the middle because governments still seek shelter behind the slogan of national sovereignty.  5. Today we witness that the protection of human rights has a place in international law, and the world still work for more effectiveness, in addition to that; any harsh violation of human rights shall not change that fact because of the new awareness of human rights.  6, So we agree with author about the change of the attitudes on this issue in the last fifty years & the more is coming within the international institutions and the principles of international law.