1. Dylan Thomas, 1914 - 1953 Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night. Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Poetic Devices Part II Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight, And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way, Do not go gentle into that good night. Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light. And you, my father, there on the sad height, Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray. Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

2. imagery: using figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas to appeal to our five senses She had eyes like saucers When a writer attempts to describe something so that it appeals to our sense of smell, sight, taste, touch, or hearing; he/she has used imagery. Often, imagery is built on other literary devices, such as simile or metaphor, as the author uses comparisons to appeal to our senses. By the pricking of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes! It was a hot chocolate kind of afternoon The woods are lovely, dark and deep…

3. enjambment: when poetic expression spans beyond one line Simply put, it is the running on of a sense or idea from one line to the next without a major pause or syntactical (punctuation) break. Endymion is a famous example of enjambment. The first and last lines in the given poem of John Keats have ends, while the middle lines are enjambed. There is a flow of thought from one line to the next. A thing of beauty is a joy forever: Its loveliness increases; it will never Pass into nothingness but still will keep A bower quiet for us, and asleep Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing.”

4. figurative language: language in which figures of speech are used to make it effective, persuasive and impactful Whenever we think of figurative language, often metaphors and similes spring to our minds. Writers use it to go beyond the real meanings of the words to make a comparison and give the readers a new insight into the content of their works. It also appeals to the senses of the readers. The similes and word choice of this poem makes it a masterpiece. The poet use similes between the lines to depict his scattered thoughts before taking action and makes comparison as, “like a tight-rope,” “like a dropped ball,” and “hovers like an ecstatic bird.” “Poised between going on and back, pulled Both ways taut like a tight-rope walker, Now bouncing tiptoe like a dropped ball, Or a kid skipping rope, come on, come on!… Taunts them, hovers like an ecstatic bird, He’s only flirting, crowd him, crowd him,” (The Base Stealer by Robert Francis)

5. connotation: refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes specifically/explicitly. Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings in addition to their literal meanings or denotations. For instance, “Wall Street” literally means a street situated in Lower Manhattan but connotatively it refers to “wealth” and “power”. A dove implies peace or gentility. Home suggests family, comfort and security. Politician has a negative connotation of wickedness and insincerity while statesperson connotes sincerity. Pushy refers to someone loud-mouthed and irritating.

6. sonnet: a poem of fourteen lines, written in iambic pentameter. Each line has ten (10) syllables. It can use a number of formal rhyme schemes. The sonnet has become popular among different poets because it has a great adaptability to different purposes and requirements. Rhythms are strictly followed. It could be a perfect poetic style for elaboration or expression of a single feeling or thought with its short length in iambic pentameter. In fact, it gives an ideal laboratory to a poet for exploration of strong emotions. Due to its short length, it is easy to manage for both the writer and the reader. Shakespeare wrote many of these.

7. free verse: An open form of poetry. It does not use consistent patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern. It tends to follow the rhythm of natural speech. Come slowly, Eden Lips unused to thee. Bashful, sip thy jasmines, As the fainting bee, Reaching late his flower, Round her chamber hums, Counts his nectars—alights, And is lost in balms! (Come Slowly, Eden by Emily Dickinson) Emily Dickinson is famous as the mother of American English free verse. This poem does not have consistent metrical patterns, musical patterns or rhyme. Rather, following the rhythm of a natural speech, it gives an artistic expression to the ideas it contains.the mother

8. tone: It is the attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. The author’s tone can be formal, informal, serious, comic, sarcastic, sad, and cheerful or it may be any other existing attitudes. Consider the following examples of tone: The theme of both tone examples is the same. The only way we can differentiate between them is their separate tone. The tone in the first example is casual or informal while, it is formal in the second. “I want to ask the authorities what is the big deal? Why do not they control the epidemic? It is eating up lives like a monster.” “I want to draw the attention of the concerned authorities toward damage caused by an epidemic. If steps were not taken to curb it, it will further injure our community”

9. mood: mood is a literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions Usually, mood is referred to as the atmosphere of a literary piece, as it creates an emotional situation that surrounds the readers. Mood is developed in a literary piece through various methods. It can be developed through setting, theme, tone, and dialect. Once the readers are emotionally stirred, they fully comprehend the message that the writer tries to convey to them. The mood created by E. A. Poe’s words is one of emptiness, discomfort, depression, and loss. Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December; And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow—sorrow for the lost Lenore— For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore— Nameless here for evermore.

10. concrete poetry: a form of poetry in which the visual form of the poem is used to convey its meaning.

11. symbolism: is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. “All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; they have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts,” From As You Like It by Shakespeare The above lines are symbolic of the fact that men and women, in course of their life perform different roles. “A stage” here symbolizes the world and “players” is a symbol for human beings. “