1. Vesna Dobrijević
LABORATORIES

2. ☻ LABORATORIES ☻ Types of laboratories and laboratory tests
Medical laboratory
Types of laboratories
Departments
Medical laboratory staff
Laboratory tests
Laboratory informatics

3. Medical laboratory A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a
laboratory where tests are
done on clinical specimens in
order to get information
about the health of a patient
as pertaining to the diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of
disease.

4. Types of laboratories In many countries, there are two main types
of labs that process the majority of medical
specimens:
Hospital (clinical) laboratory
Private (or community) laboratory

5. Departments
Laboratory medicine is generally divided into two sections, and each of
which is further divided into a number of units. These two sections are:
1. Anatomic pathology
Units included here are:
Histopathology
Cytopathology
Electron microscopy
Anatomy
Physiology
Histology
Pathology

6. Departments 2. Clinical pathology Units included here are:
Clinical microbiology
Clinical chemistry
Hematology
Genetics
Reproduction biology

7. Medical laboratory staff
The following is the hierarchy of the clinical laboratory staff from highest
authority to lowest:
medical director
pathologist, clinical biologist
resident in pathology
pathologist assistant
laboratory manager
department supervisor
lead technologist
cytotechnologist, medical laboratory scientist, histotechnologist
medical laboratory technician, histotechnician
medical laboratory assistant
phlebotomist
transcriptionist
specimen processor, secretary

8. Laboratory tests What are lab tests?
Laboratory tests are medical procedures that involve testing
samples of blood, urine, or other tissues or substances in the
body.
Why does your doctor use lab tests?
Your doctor uses laboratory tests to help:
identify changes in your health condition before any symptoms occur diagnose a disease or condition before you have symptoms
plan your treatment for a disease or condition
evaluate your response to a treatment, or
monitor the course of a disease over time

9. Laboratory tests How are lab tests analyzed?
Laboratories perform tests on the sample to see if it reacts to different
substances.
For biochemistry samples, blood is usually centrifuged and serum is separated.
What do lab tests show?
Lab tests show whether or not your results fall within normal ranges. Normal
test values are usually given as a range, rather than as a specific number,
because normal values vary from person to person. What is normal for one
person may not be normal for another person.

10. Laboratory tests What factors affect your lab test results?
Many factors can affect test results, including:
sex
age
race
medical history
general health
specific foods
drugs you are taking
how closely you follow preparatory instructions
variations in laboratory techniques
variation from one laboratory to another

11. Laboratory informatics
Laboratories today are held together by a system of software programmes
and computers that exchange data about patients, test requests, and
test results known as a Laboratory Information System or LIS.
This system enables hospitals and labs to order the correct test
requests for each patient, keep track of individual patient or specimen
histories, and help guarantee a better quality of results as well as
printing hard copies of the results for patient charts and doctors to
check.

12. Key words pertaining to the diagnosis – koji se odnose na dijagnozu
specimen, sample – uzorak
majority – većina
general practitioners – lekari opšte prakse
department – katedra
solid tissue – čvrsto tkivo
evaluation – procena
smear – bris
inflammation - zapaljenje
encompass– obuhvata
phlebotomist - tehničar kvalifikovan za vađenje krvi

13. Questions 1. What is medical (or clinical) laboratory?
2. There are two sections of laboratory medicine? Which one generally?
3. What are laboratory tests?