1. Extraction of copper from low-grade ores Start with Ore and end with Pure Copper Use the pictures to make a flow chart on how bioleaching and phytomining are used

14. Low-grade ores contain little metal Question 1: Compare a low- grade and a high grade ore. Question 2: could these ores being used in conventional smelting of copper using carbon?

15. Plants are harvested and incinerated into ash Question 1: Why not let the plants simply compost? Question 2: Compare an advantage and a disadvantage of incinerating the plants.

16. Ash is left over from incineration Question 1: How concentrated is copper in ash compared to the plant? Question 2:What other type of atom is copper likely bonded to in the ash? Name this compound.

17. Ash is used in traditional copper smelting Question 1: Which more reactive non-metal is added to copper to extract it? Question 2: write a chemical equation (word / symbol) to describe this reaction.

18. Impure ‘blister’ copper is produced Question 1: Which element is likely to be the impurity? Question 2: Is this impurity likely to make the copper strong or brittle? Is this useful?

19. Low-grade ores are added to microbes Question 1: What is the job of the microbes? Question 2: This takes a long time…why do it?

20. Microbes leach out the metal into the water Question 1: what in the picture indicates there is copper in the water? Question 2: What copper chemical have you used that shows this colour?

21. Scrap iron is added to the copper solution Question 1: Which is more reactive - copper or iron Question 2: Propose a chemical equation to show iron displacing copper. Which is being reduced?

22. Use electrolysis to purify the copper Question 1: Which electrode does the copper form on? Question 2: What evidence suggests copper is moving from one electrode to another?

23. Pure copper is made (0.999) Question 1: What can this be now used for? Question 2: Can you link the uses of copper with some of it’s properties?