1. + Why Has Terrorism Increased? Chapter 8: Political Geography KI #4

2. + Terrorism by Individuals & Organizations Terrorism: systematic use of violence in order to intimidate a population or coerce a government into granting demands Often against average citizens versus military or political targets Not initiated by a specific government Terrorism against US 12/21/88 – Pan Am bombing 2/6/93 – WTC car bombing 4/19/95 – Oklahoma City bombing 9/11/01 Twin Towers, Pentagon, & White House targeted Almost 3,000 killed (most were people in and around WTC)

3. + Terrorism by Individuals & Organizations Al-Qaeda Founded by Osama bin Laden 1 of 50 children by his father Born in Saudi Arabia Anti-American and Saudi Arabian beliefs Wanted to free control of Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem Based in many contries but strongest in Afghanistan Declared jihad (religious war) Tied together terrorism & Islam Has created difficulties within and outside of Islam

4. + State Supported Terrorism 3 types: sanctuary, supplies (weapons, $, info), planning of attacks Libya Muammar Qaddafi – leader supporting us of terrorism More recently Benghazi Embassy attack Afghanistan Taliban in control – repressive leadership Safe-haven for Al-Qaeda members Fought Soviet control initially US declared war in 2001

5. + State Supported Terrorism Iraq Saddam Hussein – military dictator Led attacks on Iran, Israel, Kurds (in Iraq) & Kuwait Operation Desert Storm (1991) Iraq attacked Kuwait US intervention but left Hussein in power Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003) Accused of having WMD’s Overthrew Hussein Minimal support by Iraqi citizens No WMD’s found

6. + State Supported Terrorism Iran Ayatollah Khomeini – anti-US leader Support use of terrorism Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Concerns over nuclear program Anti-Israel stance a concern Pakistan Taliban influence Rugged terrain good for hiding terrorists