1. Types of Management Agreements between Parks and Indigenous People, NSW Ideas for Application to Yorta Yorta Context http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/Home

2. NSW, NP&WS recognition of Aboriginal people's relationship with Land & Resources http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/Aboriginal+peoples+relationship+with+their+country http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/Aboriginal+peoples+relationship+with+their+country  Aboriginal people are major stakeholders in park management, because their lives and spirituality are related to the land.  For Aboriginal people culture, nature and land are all linked  The Aboriginal peoples of NSW maintain a diversity of living cultures and have a strong and continuing attachment to the land and the waters.  Aboriginal people have culturally specific associations with the landscape, which are based on each Aboriginal community's own distinct culture, traditions and laws.  Aboriginal communities' cultural associations with their country may include or relate to cultural practices, knowledge, songs, stories, art, paths, landforms, flora, fauna and minerals.  These cultural associations may include custodial relationships with particular landscapes. These custodial relationships may determine who can speak for particular country.  The NPWS acknowledges the inseparable links between Aboriginal culture, land and everyday lives, and acknowledges Aboriginal people's cultural and custodial relationship with the landscape.  The NPWS acknowledges that access to land managed by the NPWS provides particular opportunities for Aboriginal people to sustain spiritual and cultural activities.  The NPWS wishes to involve Aboriginal people in managing those parks that are part of their country.

3. Aboriginal Co-management of National Parks and other Reserves, NSW Under an Aboriginal co-management arrangement, the government and local Aboriginal people share responsibility for a park's management. Under an Aboriginal co-management arrangement, the government and local Aboriginal people share responsibility for a park's management. The aim is to ensure that Aboriginal people have the opportunity to participate in planning and decision making for the park or reserve, while maintaining access to parks for everyone. The aim is to ensure that Aboriginal people have the opportunity to participate in planning and decision making for the park or reserve, while maintaining access to parks for everyone. The NPWS is working with Aboriginal people across the state to develop a range of co-management and partnership agreements to ensure the continuing practice of traditional and contemporary culture in the management of land. The NPWS is working with Aboriginal people across the state to develop a range of co-management and partnership agreements to ensure the continuing practice of traditional and contemporary culture in the management of land. Aboriginal co-management fosters stronger relationships between the NPWS and Aboriginal communities and provides benefits to the parks system, the Aboriginal people and broader community of NSW. Aboriginal co-management fosters stronger relationships between the NPWS and Aboriginal communities and provides benefits to the parks system, the Aboriginal people and broader community of NSW. http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/Aboriginal+co-management+of+parks

4. Co-Management of Parks in NSW 1. Kinchega National Park 2. Mungo National Park 3. Arakwal National Park 4. Mutawintji reserves 5. Biamanga National Park 6. Gulaga National Park 7. Jervis Bay National Park 8. Mt Grenfell Historic Site 9. Mt Yarrowyk Nat. Res.Kinchega National ParkMungo National ParkArakwal National ParkMutawintji reservesBiamanga National ParkGulaga National ParkJervis Bay National ParkMt Grenfell Historic SiteMt Yarrowyk Nat. Res.

5. Different types of parks & reserves, NSW Understanding types of Crown Lands & Management Regimes

6. National parks National parks These are relatively large areas protected for their unspoiled landscapes and native plants and animals. These are relatively large areas protected for their unspoiled landscapes and native plants and animals. They are set aside for public education and recreation, and usually offer visitor facilities. They are set aside for public education and recreation, and usually offer visitor facilities.

7. Nature reserves Nature reserves These are areas of special scientific interest, set up mainly to conserve their native plant and animal communities. These are areas of special scientific interest, set up mainly to conserve their native plant and animal communities. Few have visitor facilities. Few have visitor facilities.

8. State conservation areas State conservation areas These are parks, often containing important natural environments, which have been set aside mainly for outdoor recreation. These are parks, often containing important natural environments, which have been set aside mainly for outdoor recreation.

9. Regional parks Regional parks Near large population centres, these parks offer open space and recreational and cultural opportunities for urban residents. Near large population centres, these parks offer open space and recreational and cultural opportunities for urban residents. Their environments have often been largely altered since colonisation. Their environments have often been largely altered since colonisation.

10. Aboriginal areas Aboriginal areas These are places that have significance for Aboriginal people, or contain objects of Aboriginal culture. These are places that have significance for Aboriginal people, or contain objects of Aboriginal culture. They're managed in accordance with the cultural values of the Aboriginal people whose heritage they belong to. (“be somebody's property” :Encarta Dictionary of English UK They're managed in accordance with the cultural values of the Aboriginal people whose heritage they belong to. (“be somebody's property” :Encarta Dictionary of English UK

11. Marine parks Marine parks These are unique and outstanding marine areas, set aside to conserve seawater plants and animals. These are unique and outstanding marine areas, set aside to conserve seawater plants and animals. They're divided into zones that allow different, sustainable levels of commercial and recreational activities. They're divided into zones that allow different, sustainable levels of commercial and recreational activities.

12. Historic sites Historic sites These are sites of national cultural importance. They include buildings, objects, monuments and landscapes. These are sites of national cultural importance. They include buildings, objects, monuments and landscapes. Historic sites are generally open to visitors. Historic sites are generally open to visitors.

13. Wilderness Wilderness is usually an 'overlay' on national parks or reserves. Wilderness areas are large, remote and essentially unchanged by modern human activity. Wilderness is usually an 'overlay' on national parks or reserves. Wilderness areas are large, remote and essentially unchanged by modern human activity. They are managed so that native plant and animal communities are disturbed as little as possible. They are managed so that native plant and animal communities are disturbed as little as possible.

14. World Heritage-listed areas World Heritage-listed areas The globally recognised World Heritage list contains some of the most important examples of natural and cultural heritage in the world. The globally recognised World Heritage list contains some of the most important examples of natural and cultural heritage in the world. More than 600 precious places are on the list, from the Great Barrier Reef to the pyramids of Egypt. More than 600 precious places are on the list, from the Great Barrier Reef to the pyramids of Egypt.

15. Ramsar wetlands Ramsar wetlands These are globally significant wetland sites, protected by international convention: Barmah- Millewa These are globally significant wetland sites, protected by international convention: Barmah- Millewa In managing Ramsar sites, we try to preserve their unique ecological characteristics. In managing Ramsar sites, we try to preserve their unique ecological characteristics. http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/The+different+types+of+parks

16. Aboriginal Co-management: Potential Benefits Aboriginal Co-management: Potential Benefits recognition of cultural association with the land or traditional ownership recognition of cultural association with the land or traditional ownership opportunity to sustain spiritual & cultural activities opportunity to sustain spiritual & cultural activities participation in park management decision making participation in park management decision making protection of cultural heritage protection of cultural heritage opportunity to educate people about Aboriginal culture and contribute to reconciliation opportunity to educate people about Aboriginal culture and contribute to reconciliation training & employment opportunities. training & employment opportunities.

17. Benefits for NPWS opportunity to protect and interpret cultural heritage, and recognise cultural and historic dimension to conservation opportunity to protect and interpret cultural heritage, and recognise cultural and historic dimension to conservation opportunity to access and apply Aboriginal knowledge in land management and the conservation of cultural and natural values opportunity to access and apply Aboriginal knowledge in land management and the conservation of cultural and natural values contribution to reconciliation. contribution to reconciliation.

18. Benefits for biodiversity conservation recognition of the cultural values associated with the park's biodiversity recognition of the cultural values associated with the park's biodiversity improved protection and management of biodiversity values through application of Aboriginal knowledge and practices improved protection and management of biodiversity values through application of Aboriginal knowledge and practices

19. Benefits for Park Visitors appreciation of the cultural values of the park appreciation of the cultural values of the park opportunity to communicate with Aboriginal owners and/or employees opportunity to communicate with Aboriginal owners and/or employees participation in the process of reconciliation ( D. Smyth "Joint Management of National Parks" in "Working On Country: Contemporary Indigenous Management of Australia's Lands and Coastal Regions" Ed. Richard Baker, Jocelyn Davies and Elspeth Young. Oxford University Press 2001). http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/Which+parks+are+co- managed+in+NSW participation in the process of reconciliation ( D. Smyth "Joint Management of National Parks" in "Working On Country: Contemporary Indigenous Management of Australia's Lands and Coastal Regions" Ed. Richard Baker, Jocelyn Davies and Elspeth Young. Oxford University Press 2001). http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/Which+parks+are+co- managed+in+NSW http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/Which+parks+are+co- managed+in+NSW http://www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/npws.nsf/Content/Which+parks+are+co- managed+in+NSW

20. Parks with Co-management Agreements, NSW Kinchega National Park Kinchega National Park –co-management agreement co-management agreementco-management agreement Mungo National Park Mungo National Park –co-management agreement co-management agreementco-management agreement

21. Parks that can be returned to Aboriginal ownership, NSW Biamanga National Park Biamanga National Park Gulaga National Park Gulaga National Park Jervis Bay National Park Jervis Bay National Park Mount Yarrowyck Nature Reserve Mount Yarrowyck Nature Reserve Millewa State Forest ? Millewa State Forest ?

22. Parks with Indigenous land use agreements Arakwal National Park Arakwal National Park –co-management agreement co-management agreementco-management agreement

23. Parks with lease-back agreements  Mutawintji National Park, Historic Site and Nature Reserve  Mount Grenfell Historic Site  Jervis Bay Commonwealth National Park, (Wreck Bay south coast of NSW)

24. Jervis Bay Commonwealth National Park, 1995 (Wreck Bay south coast of NSW) The Wreck Bay community, was the first community outside the Northern Territory or Queensland to have traditional land The Wreck Bay community, was the first community outside the Northern Territory or Queensland to have traditional landreturned. Wreck Bay is located along a track which Aboriginal people had used for centuries when traveling along the coast, for special occasions and ceremonies, or in recent times, looking for work. Wreck Bay is located along a track which Aboriginal people had used for centuries when traveling along the coast, for special occasions and ceremonies, or in recent times, looking for work. The community began as a temporary camp in the mid 1880s, and by 1900 had become permanent, though it residents remained highly mobile. The community began as a temporary camp in the mid 1880s, and by 1900 had become permanent, though it residents remained highly mobile.

25. Management by Wreck Bay Community Council From the beginning of the twentieth century until 1987 the land was under control of Commonwealth and State authorities. From the beginning of the twentieth century until 1987 the land was under control of Commonwealth and State authorities. In 1954 the community came under the control of the Commonwealth. In 1954 the community came under the control of the Commonwealth. In 1975, after much community lobbying to regain control of their land, the Commonwealth offered the people a lease over the reserve. In 1975, after much community lobbying to regain control of their land, the Commonwealth offered the people a lease over the reserve. The community rejected this offer and were eventually successful in winning full title to the land in 1987. Since then, the land has been managed by the Wreck Bay Community Council. The community rejected this offer and were eventually successful in winning full title to the land in 1987. Since then, the land has been managed by the Wreck Bay Community Council. In 1995, the Community Council also obtained title over Jervis Bay Commonwealth National Park. In 1995, the Community Council also obtained title over Jervis Bay Commonwealth National Park. The Council has leased this area back to the Federal Government for use by all Australians. The Council has leased this area back to the Federal Government for use by all Australians.

26. Crown Lands (State Forests) with no Agreements with Indigenous Owners in NSW 2004 Moira-Millewa Forest & Wetlands of National/International Significance NSW? Moira-Millewa Forest & Wetlands of National/International Significance NSW?