1. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Strand 2, Resource efficiency and environmental management Ian M. Hedgecock CNR-IIA, Italy

2. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Earth's Resources  resources are under significant pressure  pressure is exacerbated by the rapid economic development  development is of course a good thing  continuous pressure affects water, energy, biodiversity and food resources  the security of resources is paramount to continued development

3. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 From contrasting to coordinated policies  Water, food, energy and biodiversity have traditionally been studied and managed separately  Many governments have separate ministries to oversee water, food and energy  A nexus perspective increases the understanding of the interdependencies across the water, energy and food sectors and influences policies in other areas of concern such as climate and biodiversity

4. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Water-Energy-Food Nexus  Water  Energy  Food  Land  Climate Change  Trade  Finance

5. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Strand 2 Objective  Exploit EO to evaluate, predict and monitor resources  Promote cross-sectorial approaches to reconcile resource efficiency and environmental management  Encourage development according to the sustainable development goals

6. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Challenges Resource management to ensure:  security of supply, to sustain economic growth, promote wealth, end poverty and hunger  management of their extraction, cultivation and utilisation in a sustainable fashion, to preserve the environment for future generations.

7. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Sustainable Development Goals

8. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Relation to Strand 2 People We are determined to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that all human beings can fulfil their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment. Planet We are determined to protect the planet from degradation, including through sustainable consumption and production, sustainably managing its natural resources and taking urgent action on climate change, so that it can support the needs of the present and future generations. Prosperity We are determined to ensure that all human beings can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives and that economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature.

9. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Thematic Objectives Agriculture Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystems Energy Metallic raw materials Non-metallic raw materials Water Light

10. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Horizontal Objectives Related to GEO tasks, GEOSS Societal Benefit Areas and to Copernicus Application Domains

11. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Specific target to support GEO/GEOSS and Copernicus  The thematic objectives are all related to GEO SBAs, and broadening the scale and scope of EO will directly provide input to GEOSS.  The interoperability of the EO performed in ERA-PLANET is implicit. It is foreseen that Strand 2 of ERA-PLANET will support:  Copernicus “Application Domains” Sustainable Development and Nature Protection, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Renewable energies, Regional and Local Planning;  Copernicus “Products and Services” Marine environment monitoring, Land Monitoring, Atmosphere Monitoring, Climate Change;  Contribution to GEOSS Flagships that have matured to deliver a pre- or near-operational service, and serve user groups that are actively steering the Flagship.

12. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Earth Observations and the Water Energy Food Nexus

13. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 The question posed by Cat Downy (IGBP-ESA Liaison Officer) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) observations

14. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 'Wrong type of trees' in Europe increased global warming By Matt McGrath, Environment correspondent, BBC The assumption that planting new forests helps limit climate change has been challenged by a new study. Researchers found that in Europe, trees grown since 1750 have actually increased global warming. The scientists believe that replacing broadleaved species with conifers is a key reason for the negative climate impact. Conifers like pines and spruce are generally darker and absorb more heat than species such as oak and birch.

15. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Soils

16. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Mining Infrastructure Ajka alumina plant accident in 2010 Many modern mines use safety techniques such as radar and laser monitoring which should have warned of any structural problems, said John Tumazos, an independent mining analyst and consultant in New Jersey. Brazil's mining tragedy: was it a preventable disaster? www.theguardian.com Bento Rodrigues dam disaster occurred on 5 November 2015

17. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Water Footprint The Carbon Trust's Dr John Kazer explores the importance of product water footprinting for businesses So how much water goes into a cup of tea? Somewhere around 30 litres of water is required for tea itself, 10 litres for a small dash of milk and a further 6 litres for each teaspoon of sugar. This means that a simple cup of tea with milk and two sugars could actually require 52 litres of water – enough to fill my kettle more than 30 times.30 litres of water Apparently beer and fizzy soft drinks use significantly more.

18. ERA-PLANET KoM, Brussels 16-17 February 2016 Thank you