2.   List any Greek contributions or anything you already know about Ancient Greece. Warm Up

3.   Small overall area compared to other early civilizations  Important natural barriers  Mountains-isolation  Seas-key to trading  The location and barriers allowed Greeks to practice their own ways of life without very much outside influence Geography

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5.   Formed on the island of Crete  Crete was the first to develop Bronze in Greece  Minoans were not Greek, but part of the Greek empire  Greatly influenced Greek culture  Knossos  Most important place in Minoan civilization  Center of Trade  Suddenly the civilization collapsed  Most likely due to invasion from Mycenaean's Minoan Civilization

6.   Mainland Greeks from Mycenae  Developed the first Greek government  Monarchy  Formed small independent states  Loose alliance with each other  Extensive trade network  Conquered most of the islands surrounding Greece  Supreme military power  Led the Trojan War against the city of Troy Mycenaean Civilization

7.   Fought between Mycenae and Troy  King Agamemnon was the leader of the Mycenaean forces  Achilles  One of the greatest heroes of Greek mythology and one of the greatest fighters  Helen of Troy  Once the wife of King Menelaus, but loved the prince of Troy  Paris  Prince of Troy who took Helen away from Menelaus  The Trojan Horse  Greatest wartime trick to ever take place Trojan War

8.   Homer  Greek poet and epic storyteller  Epic : a long poem involving gods and heroes  Iliad and the Odyssey  Greatest stories ever told by Homer about mythology and great heroes performing extraordinary tasks  Odysseus  Traveler and great seafarer ; Traveled through the Aegean on his quest home encountering many legends and monsters in Greek myth. Great Stories and Myths

9.   Define the following terms using the textbook (pgs. 123-139). Write in your notebooks  Aegean SeaEpic PoemDemocracy  Black SeaArêteOligarchy  Bronze AgePolisHelot  CreteAcropolisEphor  MinoanAgora  MycenaeanHoplite  HomerPhalanx  IoniaTyrant Vocabulary

10.   Intensive agricultural techniques  Specialization of labor  Cities  A social hierarchy  Organized religion and education  Development of complex forms of economic exchange  Development of new technologies  Advanced development of the arts. (This can include writing.) Characteristics of Greek Civilization

11.   Greek wealth, especially in Athens, allowed for much specialization in cultural areas  Architecture  Art and Theater  Literature  Philosophy  Athletes  Shipping  Silver mining and silversmiths Specialization

12.   Central character (the tragic hero) suffers some serious misfortune that is logically connected with the hero’s actions (the tragic flaw)  Most popular Greek playwrights:  Aeschylus- focused on the role of individual actors  Sophocles- Known for his treatment of the individual and addressing complex issues  Euripides- Bold and disrespectful Art and Theater

13.   Good climate, but bad terrain (very mountainous)  –Hilly ground: grapes  –Rocky soil: olives  –Good soil: corn and wheat  Sea was EXTREMELY important  –Homer describes various fishing methods using hooks, nets, and harpoons in both the Iliad and the Odyssey Agriculture

14.   Greek colonization did not produce a centralized imperial state, but it did sponsor more communication, interaction, and exchange than ever before among people of the Mediterranean  Greek language and cultural traditions spread throughout the Mediterranean basin  The polis was the most important element in economic exchange Economic Exchange

15.   City-states were usually built on two levels  –On the hilltop was the acropolis and below was the living and business area  The market area was called the agora where trade took place  Trade included :  Ivory and gems, Elephants, Silk, Wool, Purple dye, and Grain were the main items traded Economic Exchange

16.   Archimedes  Greek mathematician and engineer  Discovered the principle of the lever and the importance of the fulcrum  “Give me a lever and I can move the world” New Technologies

17.   Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”  Based his medical practice on observations and on the study of the human body  Believed that illness had a physical and a rational explanation New Technologies

18.   They constructed myths that related the stories of the gods, their relations with one another, and their roles in bringing the world into its present state  Zeus’s court included many deities who had various responsibilities Religion

19.   Zeus-King of the Gods; God of Thunder; Symbol: Eagle  Poseidon-Brother of Zeus and Hades; God of the Sea; Symbol: Trident  Hades-Brother of Zeus and Poseidon; God of the Underworld; Symbol: Helm/Helmet  Athena-Goddess of Wisdom and Strategy; Symbol: Owl  Ares-God of War; Symbol: Spear Religion

20.   Aphrodite-Goddess of Beauty; Symbol: Seashell and Dove  Apollo-Twin of Artemis; God of Music and Prophecy; Symbol: Lyre  Artemis-Twin of Apollo; Goddess of the Hunt; Symbol: Bow and Arrow  Demeter-Goddess of Agriculture; Symbol: Wheat  Dionysus-God of Wine and Joy; Symbol: Flute and Wine Barrels Religion

21.   Hephaestus-God of Fire; Symbol: Fire or Hammer  Hera-Wife of Zeus; Goddess of Marriage; Symbol: Tiara or Scepter  Hermes-Messenger of the Gods; Symbol: Caduceus or Winged Sandals  Hestia-Goddess of the Hearth (Home); Symbol: Fireplace Religion

22.   The city-state or polis was originally a fortified site that provided refuge in war or other emergencies  They developed independently of each other  –Different traditions, economies, political systems, etc.  Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes are examples Cities: The Polis

23.   The architecture of ancient Greece is the basis for virtually all Western architectural developments  3 Orders of design in Greek architecture:  Doric-Parthenon  Ionic-Statue of Zeus at Olympia  Corinthian-Very fancy and was used much later in Greece Architecture

24.   Parthenon  One of the greatest structures built in Ancient Greece  Constructed atop the Acropolis in Athens as a Temple for Athena  Temple of Zeus  One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World  Columns  Greece was most famous for the columns they constructed  Greek columns are still used in buildings all over the world today!  All Ancient Greece architecture served as a symbol of order and harmony for the Greeks Architecture

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27.   Humanism-Be proud of your human abilities and believe in your capacity to achieve great things  The Pursuit of Excellence-Try to be more today than you were yesterday; more tomorrow than you were today  The Practice of Moderation-Beware of going to extremes, because in them lies danger  Self-Knowledge-Identify and understand your weaknesses and strengths 8 Pillars of Greek Wisdom

28.   Rationalism-Search for the truth by using the power of your mind  Restless Curiosity-Seek to know what things really are, not merely what they seem to be  The Love of Freedom-Only if we are free can we find fulfillment  Individualism-Take pride in who you are as a unique individual 8 Pillars of Greek Wisdom

29.   Your group is responsible for the remaining 7 documents. Using the numbered cards that were placed at your table:  Person number 1: Read the quote to the group  Person number 2: Lead a discussion about the quote with everyone else contributing their thoughts.  Person number 3: Read the paragraph about the Greek pillar of wisdom to the group  Person number 4: Lead a discussion of the questions regarding the paragraph with all other group members contributing their thoughts.  After the reading and discussion each group member needs to fill- out the It Says, I Say, And So… graphic organizer.  After the first pillar is completed repeat with the other documents, rotating the assignment of the group members with each document. Activity Directions