2. Joseph Howard T T he C elestial S phere

3. Celestial Object Every object visible in the sky. They appear to rise in the east and set in the west. Example sun, moon. Joseph Howard

4. CELESTIAL SPHERE IMAGINARY SPHERE SURROUNDING THE EARTH

5. Joseph Howard TERMS TO KNOW ZENITH IMAGINARY POINT DIRECTLY ABOVE THE OBSERVER ON EARTH HAS AN ALTITUDE OF 90 o HORIZON WHERE THE SKY & EARTH APPEAR TO MEET ALTITUDE ANGLE BETWEEN THE OBJECT IN THE SKY & THE HORIZON From 0-90 o

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7. AZIMUTH Angle Of The Object From The Observers North Point going east 360 degrees.

8. Joseph Howard The apparent rising and setting of the sun is due to rotation Changes in the altitude of the path and horizon position of sunrise and sunset are due to revolution SeasonSunriseSunset SummerNorth of east North of west Equinox Fall/Spring Due eastDue West WinterSouth of east South of west

9. Joseph Howard Sun’s Path: Winter Solstice W S N E N.P. C.E.Q.

10. Joseph Howard Sun’s Path: Vernal Equinox W S N E N.P. C.E.Q.

11. Joseph Howard Sun’s Path: Summer Solstice W S N E N.P. C.E.Q.

12. Joseph Howard ACTUAL OBSERVATIONS  ACTUALLY THE SUN MAKES A PATH ACROSS THE SKY THAT CHANGES WITH THE MONTH.

13. Joseph Howard Summer maximum altitude of noon sun is 73°, Winter is 26° Spring/Autumn?

14. Joseph Howard 9/13/2004 5:33 a.m. NS E W The location: Junction of Stewart Avenue and Hempstead Turnpike in Bethpage, NY. Sunrise times (actual sunrise) are all Eastern Standard Time

15. Joseph Howard 10/5/2004 5:55 a.m.

16. Joseph Howard 10/13/2004 6:03 a.m.

17. Joseph Howard 10/27/2004 6:19 a.m.

18. Joseph Howard 11/05/2004 6:30 a.m.

19. Joseph Howard 11/30/2004 6:58 a.m.

20. Joseph Howard 12/21/2004 7:15 a.m. Winter Solstice

21. Joseph Howard 1/25/2005 7:10 a.m.

22. Joseph Howard 3/22/2005 5:54 a.m. Spring Equinox

23. Joseph Howard 4/22/2005 5:05 a.m.

24. Joseph Howard 4/22/2005 5:05 a.m.

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32. THE CHANGING ALTITUDE OF THE SUN

33. Joseph Howard In Detail: Near the North Pole, the Sun never sets in the middle of the summer (late June). Likewise, the Sun never rises in the middle of the winter (late December).

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37. Shadow Rules The higher the sun is in the sky the shorter the shadow. The lower the sun is in the sky the longer the shadow. In the northern hemisphere the sun is in the southern sky, so the shadow will face north.

38. Joseph Howard http://astro.unl.edu/naap/motion3/animations/sunmotions.s wf

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40. http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=FBhTRoajVfc

41. Joseph Howard North Circumpole (N. Celestial Pole) South Circumpole (S. Celestial Pole) 23.5 o Tilt S N The Celestial Sphere is Complete! (4) Autumnal Equinox (Sept. 21) (2) Vernal Equinox (March 21) (1) Winter Solstice (Dec. 21) (3) Summer Solstice (June21) Eq.

42. Joseph Howard Move the Coordinates Out! N S Take the coordinates we have an understanding about and project them onto the night sky. North Circumpole South Circumpole The Night Sky Celestial Sphere Eq.