1. __________________________ © Cactus Moon Education, LLC. CACTUS MOON EDUCATION, LLC ENERGY FROM WATER HYDROPOWER TECHNOLOGIES EDUCATION MODULE

2. __________________________ © Cactus Moon Education, LLC. INDEX Slide 1Title Slide Slide 2Index Slide 3 – 4 Hydropower Technologies Slide 5 – 6 Impulse Turbines Slide 7Reaction Turbines Slide 8Wave Energy Converters

3. __________________________ © Cactus Moon Education, LLC. Hydropower Technologies - 1 Hydropower technologies convert the kinetic energy of moving water into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy can be used to operate mechanical equipment such as a flour mill or make electricity using an electrical generator. Moving water can be water from a dam, a flowing river, tidal currents, or the up/down motion of ocean waves. Hydropower technologies use “impulse” turbines, “reaction” turbines and “wave energy converters”.

4. __________________________ © Cactus Moon Education, LLC. Hydropower Technologies - 2 The impulse turbine has a jet or a flow of water hitting the turbine blades. The reaction turbine is totally submerged and has a flow of water passing through the blades just like air through a wind turbine. Flowing rivers use both impulse and reaction turbines – the old water wheels are impulse turbines (undershot and overshot) – submerged turbines in deep rivers are reaction turbines. Tidal currents use reaction turbines totally submerged in the tidal water flow. Ocean wave technologies use the up/down motion of surface waves to pump hydraulic fluids

5. __________________________ © Cactus Moon Education, LLC. The “undershot” water wheel used the water flowing in the river to turn a wheel that was connected to mechanical equipment to grind corn. One of the earliest impulse turbines was the water wheel that used water flowing in a river as the source of energy. The water in the river could be diverted and made to flow over an “overshot” water wheel. Impulse Turbines - 1

6. __________________________ © Cactus Moon Education, LLC. Impulse Turbines - 2 More modern impulse turbines are used in hydroelectric dams. In a dam, the potential energy of the water behind the dam is converted into kinetic energy by letting the water fall down towards the turbine. 1 1 The flowing water spins the turbine which is connected to an electric generator. 2 2

7. __________________________ © Cactus Moon Education, LLC. Reaction Turbines The flow of current in a river can be used to power a reaction turbine - generator submerged in the river. Tidal currents can also be used to power a submerged reaction turbine. In this case both the incoming tidal flow and the outgoing tidal flow will spin the turbine. Electricity generated is fed to dry land using an underwater power cable

8. __________________________ © Cactus Moon Education, LLC. Wave Energy Converters The up-down motion of the ocean surface can be used to power wave machines. The relative movement of the different sections of the wave machine is used to work hydraulic pumps and electric generators located inside the machine. The electrical energy is fed to the land via a submarine cable.