1. Mr. Jiang Sanqao Winall Hi-tech Seed Co.,Ltd. Issues Facing Hybrid Rice Development in China and International Trade

2. Main content I. Hybrid Rice Acceptance in Asia III. Issues of Hybrid Rice Seed International Trade II. Issues of Hybrid Rice Development in China IV. Appeal for Solution

3. I. Hybrid Rice Acceptance in Asia Hybrid rice can efficiently increased rice production, is widely accepted by most Asian countries whose main food crop is rice. Especially China, about 50% rice is hybrid.

4. II Hybrid Rice Development Issue in China China hybrid rice is labor intensive technology. Development of industrial economy and urbanization make it face big challenges: 1. Seed Production Becomes Costly & Difficult Rice transplanting China Urbanization Rate

5. II Issues of Hybrid Rice Development in China Seed usage: 20-30kg/ha, 200-300 Seed Usage: 10kg/ha, 100 2, Hybrid rice seed is very pensive, some big farmers turn to inbred.

6. II Issues of Hybrid Rice Development in China 3, Variety development can't keep up with the increasing demand of mechanized rice production Mechanized rice production requires variety to be tolerant to lodging, cheap(easy seed production), and early maturing. Yet no technology breakthrough in this field.

7. II Issues of Hybrid Rice Development in China 4, Weak market supervision and infringement of intellectual property right. Seed companies in China are small in scale yet large in number; enforcement agencies do not perform efficient supervision or punishment on infringement of hybrid rice varieties (e.g. selling another company’s varieties in one’s own packages). The market environment is not conducive to cost recovery for large companies on R&D.

8. II Issues of Hybrid Rice Development in China 5, Solution In spite of above problems, China makes great effort to improve the situation. Huge investment being given on hybrid rice research; Subsidy on seeds and mechanized nursery facilities. Revise seed law, and strengthen plant right protection.

9. III Issue of Hybrid Rice Seed International Trade Hybrid Rice Seed Trade in Asia Annual quantity of international trade is about 20000MT to 30000MT. Over 70% (India not included) is conducted between China and countries like Vietnam, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Indonesia…

10. III Issue of Hybrid Rice Seed International Trade The problem we are facing: 1, Hybrid rice seed price increase in China led to import decline in some countries. For example, Bangladesh and Vietnam can hardly accept price over USD3.00 per Kg, which is almost the production cost in China. The “cheaper” seeds are likely to bring about quality complains.

11. III Issue of Hybrid Rice Seed International Trade 2, Exporters in China are selling similar or even the same varieties to different importers;. The homogenized competition leads to price fighting and thus both importers and exporters have no profits to make.

12. III Issue of Hybrid Rice Seed International Trade 3, Few governments make efficient policy to promote hybrid rice seed international trade. Instead, some policies have negative impacts.

13. III Issue of Hybrid Rice Seed International Trade Examples: parental seeds and the latest varieties are not allowed to export in China; F1 seeds are not allowed to import into India; In Indonesia and Bangladesh F1 seeds have to be locally produced a few years after variety registration, which will soon be adopted by Pakistan; Import subsidy is misused and leads to corruption which has disturbed free market order in Indonesia; Vietnam seed companies encourages using inbred; I Indonesia is much too strict in quarantine inspection.

14. IV Solutions The hybrid rice issues currently exist in China and international trade are not isolated among various countries, but a common regional problem. The solution can only be reached through strengthening co-operation among governments of Asia-Pacific countries.

15. IV Solutions What the relative governments and seed society should do? 1, Need to strengthen international technology collaboration in this region, basing on intellectual property right protection and mutual benefit. 2, Need to get rid of policy restriction and further open up markets and technology;

16. IV Solution 3, Need to optimize allocation of international resources for developing hybrid rice. 3.1 To carry out local breeding aiming varieties suitable for each target country; 3.2 To produce seed in the countries that more suitable for hybrid rice seed production. All above will promote international trade of hybrid rice seed in Asian-pacific region, and make contribution to world food security.

17. Thanks! 谢 谢！