1. Bruno De Fanti Anel EE230 University of California, Santa Cruz December 2011 LASER SCANNING CONFOCAL MICROENDOSCOPY

2.  1. Endoscopy  1.1 Principles  1.2 Inconvenients  2. Confocal Microscopy  2.1 Description and benefits  2.2 Basic principle  2.3 Scanning  2.4 Detector  3. Microendoscopy  3.1 Endoscopy + Confocal Microscopy  3.2 Fiber Bundle  3.3 Excitation  3.4 Fluorophores  3.5 Some images  4. Conclusion INDEX

3. 1.1 Principles  Endoscopy: looking inside  Minimally invasive procedure  Wide variety of health issues detected 1 ENDOS COPY  Non microscopy   Requires biopsy 

4. 1.2 Inconvenients  Biopsy may be unnecessary  Approach often fails for pre-cancerous problems and small cancerous growths. Example: colon cancer  Solution: Microendoscopy EndoscopyBiopsyMicroendoscopy 1 ENDOS COPY

5. 2.1 Description  Optical Imaging technique  Increase optical resolution & contrast  High quality images  Benefits:  Control depth of field  Reduction of the out of focus glare  Ability to collect serial optical sections from thick specimens  3D Images 2 CONFOCA L MICRO – SCOPY

6. 2.2 Basic principle 2 CONFOCA L MICRO – SCOPY

7. 2 CONFOCA L MICRO – SCOPY 2.3 Scanning

8. 2 CONFOCA L MICRO – SCOPY 2.4 Detector: Photomultiplier Tube  Spot by spot scanning requiers:  Sensitive  Very Fast

9. 2 CONFOCA L MICRO – SCOPY 2.4 Detector  (a)Confocal image along with the signal from the photomultiplier  (b) Signal and Confocal image after applying a negative offset voltage to the photomultiplier.  (c) Final signal and image after the gain has been adjusted to fill the entire intensity range.

10. 3.1 Endoscopy + Confocal Microscopy 3 MICRO ENDOS COPY

11. 3.2 Fiber bundle  140cm long  30.000 coherent fibers  Single mode fiber  Minimum bending radius 4cm  2.4μm core diameter  NA 0.35  3.3μm core spacing  Image area diameter 0.8mm  Total diameter 0.95mm 3 MICRO ENDOS COPY

12. 3.3 Excitation: AOTF (Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter)  Very fast & Multi source  Intensity modulation  Wavelenght discrimination  Blanking flyback 3 MICRO ENDOS COPY

13. 3.4 Fluorophores  Different molecules causes different emission 3 MICRO ENDOS COPY

14. 3.5 Some Images  a) Pollen grain  b) Mouse lung tissue  c) Rat brain  d) Fern root 3 MICRO ENDOS COPY

15.  Conclusion  Minimal invasive  High resolution  No tissue extraction  Earlier detection  Scalable to actual endoscopes CONCLUSION

16. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!

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