1. Introduction. Objectives Materials & Methods The possible effects of camel milk on management of diabetes type I Gitao C.G., Toroitich K.C. Mbindyo C. Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625 Uthiru, Results From May 2010-feb 2012 over 900 patients visited the diabetes clinic in Garissa provincial hospital. A database in Access has been constructed and is continuously updated 175 females;104 males were below 40 years and had Type 1 diabetes. 31 of these had Fasting Blood sugar>6mmol/L and 144 had Random Blood sugar>1.1 mmol/L Most of these had high random blood sugar, and six had neuropathy complications. The ages raged from 5 years to 40 years. The patients are being tracked down to the villages so as to obtain complete family and behavioral history. There are reports from the hospital that some patients abandon conventional treatment and opt for camel milk in the rural areas Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome characterized by metabolism disorders and abnormally high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) resulting from a low level of the hormone insulin with or without abnormal resistance to insulin effects (Tireney 2003)). Diabetic nephropathy is originally microvascular in nature and is widely considered an important complication of diabetes. Camel milk supplementation is said to reduce the insulin requirement in type-1diabetic patients (Agrawal et.al., 2003,b). It was found that one of the camel milk proteins presents many characteristics similar to insulin (Beg 1989) and does not form coagulum in acidic environment (Wangoh 1993). This lack of coagulum formation allows camel milk to rapidly pass through the stomach together with the specific insulin like protein/insulin and remains available for absorption in the intestine. Radioimmunoassay of camel milk has revealed high concentration of insulin (i.e.. 52 units/lt) (Singh 2001). Fig.1 Plasma Glucose as Independent Risk Factor The study locations are Garissa District and Tana River districts with camel milk drinking and Non-Drinking Cohorts. Participatory tools will be used to determine patient history, family tree, evidence of diabetes in families, nutrition habits, consumption/non consumption of camel milk, medical histories. Data from the two locations will be compared to evaluate effect of camel milk. Fig. 4: Diabetic Neuropathy. Fig. 3: Tana River Districts and Garissa counties  Determine the prevalence of Diabetes type 1 in Garissa and Tana River  Track Type 1 Diabetics in camel milking/non-milking cohorts  Compare Diabetes Prevalences in camel milk drinking/ non-drinking cohorts  Determine effect of camel milk on Diabetes Type 1. Fig 2:: Mechanisms of Diabetes University of Nairobi *Repeated acute changes in cellular metabolism **Cumulative long term changes in stable macromolecules Hyperglycemia Tissue damage Fig 1 Relationship between fasting blood sugar and mortalities Other studies have shown that camel milk shows its significant hypoglycemic effect when given along with conventional treatment. The action is presumed to be due to the presence of insulin/insulin like protein. Its therapeutic efficacy may be also due to the lack of coagulum formation in acidic media. Conclusion: Determining the effect of camel milk on diabetes can unlock camel milk potential especially in rural areas where Insulin access is a major problem