1. Physiological Responses to Injury … continued
BTEC – Level 3

2. Learning Objectives …
Understand the classification of injuries and the different stages …
Be able to identify the differences between Sprains and Strains …
Categorise the severity of Sprains & Strains …

3. Classification of Injuries
Injury Classification …
1) Acute Stage (0 to 72 Hours after Injury)
2) Sub-acute Stage (72 Hours to 21 days after Injury)
3) Chronic Continuum (21 days after Injury)
Severity will dictate stages 2 and 3 of the above model
(Less Severe will reach 21 before day 21; More Severe may take longer than 21 days)

4. Injuries … Soft or Hard tissue?
Soft Tissue;
Muscles, Tendons, Ligaments & Skin …
Hard Tissue;
Skeleton, Joints, Bones & Skeleton ...

8. Ligaments and Tendons Soft Tissue … damaged during sports
1) Ligaments connect bone to bone …
2) Tendons connect muscle to bone …

9. ‘A twist, pull/and or tear to a muscle or tendon’
Strains …
‘A twist, pull/and or tear to a muscle or tendon’
How is a strain caused?
Overuse
Force
Over S – T – R – E – T – C – H – I – N – G

10. Muscle Strains – Classification Signs & Symptoms
First Degree Strains
Second Degree Strains
Third Degree Strains
Few Muscle Fibres are Torn
Moderate Tearing of Muscle Fibres
Total Rupture of the Muscle
Mild Pain
Moderate/Severe Pain
Severe Pain
Some Muscle Stiffness
Swelling & Stiffness
Severe Swelling

11. Hamstring strain … Usain bolt

12. ‘A stretch and/or tear to a ligament …’
Sprains …
‘A stretch and/or tear to a ligament …’
Caused by … ?
A trauma that knocks a joint out of position…
… and consequently over stretches/ruptures the supporting ligaments …
Where do sprains occur?
Ankles, Knees & wrists

14. Ligament Sprains … First Degree Sprains; Pain Mild Damage Minimal
Some ...
Swelling

15. Ligament Sprains … Second Degree Sprains Third degree Sprains
More Ligament damage
Complete tearing of the ligament
Joint appears loose
Joint is very loose & unstable
Painful with further swelling
Extremely painful & very swollen.