1. Characteristics of Civilization
Egypt
Characteristics of Civilization

2. TEKS Objectives
WH(1) History. The student understands traditional historical points of reference in word history
(A) Identify major causes and describe the major effects of the following events from 8000 BC to 500 BC: the development of agriculture and the development of the river value civilizations
WH(2) History. The student understands how early civilizations developed from 8000 BC to 500 BC.
(B) Identify the characteristics of civilizations
(C) Explain how the major river valley civilizations influenced the development o the classical civilizations
WH(15) Geography. The student understands the impact of geographic factors on major events and processes.
(A) Locate places and regions of historical significance directly related to major eras and turning points in world history
Analyze the influece of human physical geographic factors on major events in world history, including the development of river valley civilizations […]

3. TEKS Objectives
WH(17) Economics. The student understands the impact of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions and globalization on humanity
(A) Identify important changes in human life caused by the Neolithic Revolution and the inudstrial Revolution
(B) Summarize the role of economics in driving political changes as related to the Neolithic Revolution and the Industrial Revolution
WH (19) Government. The student understands the characteristiics of major political systems throughout history.
(A) Identify the characteristics of monarchies and theocracies as forms of government in early civilizations
WH (24) Culture. The student understands the roles of women, children, and families in different historical culture
(A) Describe the changing roles of women, children, and families during major eras of world history

4. TEKS Objectives
WH (26) Culture. The student understands the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created.
(A) Identify significant examples of art and architecture that demonstrate an artistic ideal or visual principle from selected cultures
WH (27) Science, technology, and society. The student understands how major scientific and mathematical discoveries and technological innovations affected societies prior to 1750
(A) Identify the origin and diffusion of major ideas in mathematics, science, and technology that occurred in river valley civilizations, […]

5. Egyptian Timeline Old Kingdom (2700-2150)
Hieroglyphics and religion develop in Egypt
Pyramids built
Middle Kingdom ( )
Extension of Egyptian control into Nubia
New Kingdom ( )
Militaristic - Hebrews enslaved
Mummification perfected

6. Politics The pharaoh was the absolute monarch of the country
Pharaoh was a God-King
The pharaoh was the supreme military commander and head of the government
Relied on a bureaucracy of officials to manage his affairs.

7. Politics Ancient Egypt was also a theocracy, controlled by the clergy.
The Pharaoh¹s advisors and ministers were almost always priests, who were considered the only ones worthy and able to carry out the god-king¹s commands.

8. Economics
The Nile provided excellent transportation which facilitated trade.
Egypt needed to trade because, beside the Nile, it had few natural resources
Much trade between Egypt and Nubia

9. Daily Life Homes Close to the Nile Made of mud bricks
Usually 2-3 stories high to avoid flooding

11. Daily Life
Religion
Ancient Egyptians practiced a polytheistic, animistic religion.

12. Daily Life Examples of Egyptian Gods
Ra – the sun god. He was the most important god of the ancient Egyptians.
Isis – the protective goddess. She used powerful magic to help people in need.

13. Daily Life Food & Agriculture Most common job was farming
Depended on crops
Wheat and barley used to make beer and bread
Ate beef, pork, mutton, fowl and wild game meat
The commoners ate fish as a substitution for meat

14. Daily Life

15. Daily Life Family & Gender
For the ancient Egyptians, the prime purpose of marriage was to establish a family.
A suitable age for men to be married is at the age of 20.
Egypt’s society was typically male-dominated.
Upper-class men often became scribes or priests.
Lower-class man often were farmers, hunters, potters, or craftsmen.

16. Daily Life Family & Gender
Women took care of the daily needs of their family.
Women were able to own property and celebrated more rights than women from Mesopotamia

17. Daily Life
Social Classes

18. Technology
Mummification: Process of embalming & drying corpses to prevent them from decaying.
Ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife. They mummified the body so the soul could return later.

19. Technology

20. Technology
Papyrus
The raw material came from the plant Cyperus papyrus which grew along the banks of the Nile
Used not only in the production of paper but also used in the manufacture of boats, rope and baskets

21. Daily Life Development of Writing Papyrus
Pictographs written on papyrus
Allowed ideas to be transferred

22. Technology
Shipbuilding
Wooden boats
Multiple-oars
Sails

23. Architecture Why build the pyramids? Belief in the afterlife
The need to protect the bodies demanded good burial tombs
First were mastabas, then came pyramids

24. Architecture
Mastabas

25. Architecture The Great Pyramid Tomb for Khufu
An almost perfect square (deviation .05%)
Orientation is exactly North, South, East West
2,300,000 blocks, 500ft high
20 years to build
Average block weighs 2.5 tons
Some weigh 9 tons!

26. Architecture

27. Architecture

28. Architecture

29. Architecture
Pyramids of Menkaure, Khafre and Khufu

30. Architecture The Great Sphinx
is a large human-headed lion that was carved from a mound of natural rock.
It is located in Giza

31. Technology
Ramps and stone-cutting required to build pyramids

32. Technology
Medicine
Egyptian medical practice went largely unchanged and was highly advanced for its time
Created first medical texts (7 medical books)
First surgeons in history
Drugs from plant, mineral and animal

33. Geography

34. Geography
The Nile 1 2 3 4 5 6

35. Geography
The Nile

36. Geography
Egypt- located in North Africa near Mediterranean sea, Red Sea, near Sinai peninsula.
Desert climate

37. Geography The Nile Yearly flooding Irrigation systems
Encouraged trade, communication, political unity