1. So what’s in an (ANIMAL) cell?? North Nottinghamshire College ( Dr Ashley Belsham)

2. Topic Biology / Biomedical science – cell biology Aims  To introduce key terms associated with cell biology and cell organelles. To enable students to discuss these key terms using the correct pronunciation. To allow students the chance to learn about the function of these particular organelles. Level 3 - 16 to adult Method Interactive building Equipment Plasticine Duration 20-30 Minutes

3. So what’s in an (ANIMAL) cell?? Task......Build me a cell! As a group, you are going to produce a model of a typical cell on A3 paper. First you must read information sheets individually about one particular part of the cell (organelle). On your sheet, locate your particular organelle and describe it in 20 words or less Then produce a plasticine model of that particular organelle (make sure you do it to the right scale).

4. Now (as a group) construct your cell Whilst constructing your cell, describe your particular organelle and its function to the group

5. Cell organelles and their functions Label the organelles in the cell and describe their function in less than 20 words ________________ ________________ CYTOSOL - Liquid found inside cells. Made up of salts and proteins dissolved in water.

6. Hand-outs etc.

7. The Cell Membrane The cell membrane is a biological ‘skin’ that separates the cell from its outside environment. The membrane is made from fats and proteins and is constantly moving and changing (fluid). The cell membrane has a number of functions (jobs): 1. It is a selectively permeable barrier – it can choose which nutrients and chemicals can pass through it 2.Structural, keeping the cell contents together. 3.Allows communication with other cells. 4.Allows recognition of other external substances – so cells can communicate with each other 5.Allows mobility in some organisms, e.g. amoeba. 6.The site of various chemical reactions. The membranes of two neighbouring cells seen through a microscope

8. The Nucleus The nucleus contains the most important molecule for the cell to function properly – its DNA The nucleus is separated from the surrounding cytosol by a double membrane (skin) around it - the nuclear envelope. This controls the flow of substances into and out of the nucleus. Within the nuclear envelope is the nucleoplasm. In this are suspended thread- like chromosomes containing DNA. Another structure within the nucleus is the nucleolus. This is the circle at the centre of the nucleus. Substances that will eventually make DNA and proteins are made here. The nuclei of these cells can clearly be seen using fluorescent labeling

9. The Mitochondria The mitochondria (plural) are basically the power stations of the cell. They produce all the energy the cell needs to function properly. A typical cell may contain 1,000 mitochondria, though some will contain many more. Generally, they are sausage-shaped organelles whose walls consist of 2 membranes. The inner membrane is folded up to form projections called cristae. Inside this is the matrix. Most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place in the mitochondria so it is an incredibly important organelle. This mitochondrion can clearly be seen under a high power microscope

10. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Running through the cell from the nucleus is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a system of flattened cavities lined by a thin membrane. The ER is the site of the synthesis of many substances in the cell and so provides a separate area in which this takes place. The cavities also function as a transporting system - substances can move through them from one part of the cell to another. There are 2 types of ER - rough (RER) and smooth (SER). RER looks rough on the surface because it is studded with very small organelles called ribosomes. This endoplasmic reticulum can clearly be seen under a high power microscope. It is labeled with green fluorescence here.

11. The Golgi Body This is a series of flattened layers of plate-like membranes. Proteins produced by another part of the cell (the endoplasmic reticulum) are transported to the golgi body in packages called vesicles. The vesicles fuse with the membrane of the Golgi body and release their contents. In the Golgi body, proteins are modified (changed) for export - for example, by having a carbohydrate added to the protein. At the end of a Golgi cavity, the product is pinched off so that the vesicle containing the substance can move to the cell surface membrane. To release its protein. This Golgi body can clearly be seen under a high power microscope. It is labeled with green fluorescence here.

12. Ribosomes Ribosomes are very tiny structures floating in the cell. Ribosomes can also be stuck to another part of the cell called the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) – shown by a red arrow. They are the site of protein synthesis. Genetic code in the form of RNA (related to DNA) is converted to proteins which are eventually released from the cell to perform their specific role. The proteins (which include enzymes) that are made then move into the cavities of the RER to be transported. Tiny ribosomes (little black dots) can clearly be seen in some cells using a very high powered microscope. RER

13. Cell organelles and their functions Label the organelles in the cell and describe their function in less than 20 words ______________ ______________ ____ ______________ __ ______________ __ CYTOSOL - Liquid found inside cells. Made up of salts and proteins dissolved in water,

14. Cell organelles and their functions Label the organelles in the cell and describe their function in less than 15 words E_______R____ ______________ ____ ______________ __ ______________ __ N_____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ _______ M____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________ R_____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______ C___M________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ________ G____B_______ ______________ ____ ______________ __ ______________ __ CYTOSOL - Liquid found inside cells. Made up of salts and proteins dissolved in water,

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