1. Oh no! Bed Bugs! Bed Bug Basics for Libraries Pennsylvania Integrated Pest Management Program www.paipm.org Dion Lerman Environmental Health Programs Specialist PA Applicator #705688 dlerman@psu.edu

2. Today's Topics Introductions What you've seen Bed bug overview What you can do Not much about how to help patrons…

3. Disclaimers Products, vendors, or commercial services mentioned or pictured in the trainings or presentations are for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be endorsements. Medical concerns must be addressed by a medical professional. Do not take legal action based on this presentation; consult a lawyer. TURN: Tenant Union Representative Network (215) 940-3900

4. Sources: Based on Peer-reviewed literature (Citation Date) Available for download: – Complete Bibliography – Research Papers – Protocols – Educational materials – Website resources Constantly updated

5. Introductions Briefly tell us: Your name Which branch & neighborhood How long you have been there How often do you encounter bed bugs?

6. Philadelphia’s Bed Bugs (Mabud et al 2014)

7. The Bed bug’s Home… Is in homes Bed bugs don’t live outdoors Where people sleep Travel by hitchhiking – Bedside books… Non-home locations are important transfer points – Libraries! Introduction vs. Infestation

8. Toronto Libraries Well-publicized discovery, 2/15/15 BB removed; area steamed; will be reinspected per protocol… In 2012, the Toronto Public Library had 38 reported and 24 confirmed bed bug incidents http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2012/12/20/bedbugs_found_in_toronto_public_library_books.html

9. What have you seen? How have BB come in? In books? On patrons? Found in chairs? Other?

10. What have you done? Response at time Policy & Protocols – Books – People – Furniture & other things Changes? Controls? Hopefully – NOT!

11. Brief Social History of Bed bugs Evolved from Bat bugs – Present throughout history – Egypt, Greeks, prisons… One-third of Americans… – Social problem; social solutions – Mattress laws; public housing DDT & synthetic pesticides – Resistance happens Return & resurgence – Genetics

12. 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 14 1

13. How to ID a Bed bug NYC Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, 2001 http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/bedbugs/html/basic s/bed-bug-id.shtml http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/bedbugs/html/basic s/bed-bug-id.shtml

14. Bedbugs Identify properly – don’t assume! – Bat bugs & swallow bugs – Cockroaches, ticks & lice, oh my! Life cycle – Nymph to adult – must feed – Poppy to apple-seed size – 6-12 eggs laid @ 2-3 days – Eggs resistant 14

15. How & why Bed bugs spread Sex (theirs, not ours!) Over the counter chemicals Hitchhiking Used mattresses & furniture By visitors Even by pest control technicians, or by agency staff! Reports are now stable 15

16. Community Bed Bug Response

17. Misconceptions You only get bed bugs because you are “dirty” –False: But can be affected by clutter “Bed bugs only affect the poor” –False: They often infest poor housing 17PA IPM

18. Misconceptions “Certain people” are more willing to get & live with bed bugs” False! –High infestations in transient or overpopulated residences –Constant flow of people in and out –Undocumented folks reluctant to report problems –Up to 40% of apartments with bed bugs contain 6 or more people (Rollo, 2011) Dini Miller, VT

19. Introduction vs. Infestation Bed bugs travel as pioneers & hitch-hike: – Single bugs, often female, probably mated – Introduction Must establish self & create colony: – Find harborage – Find host & feed successfully (10 min) – Lay eggs; hatch – 1 st Instars find host, feed & survive – Nymphs survive to adulthood (5 instars) – Male mates with female (inc. possibly mother!) Colony is breeding = Infestation

20. First signs… (Find out how many and where they are) Bed bug bites on a woman’s leg. Photo from www.bedbugger.com. 20PA IPM

21. Rows of Bites

22. Why Bites are in Rows Source: Phil Kohler, University of Florida

23. Bites & Secondary infections Bites can become infected from scratching – Children & others: infected sores, cellulitis, impetigo (Goddard & deShazo 2009) – Diabetics – unhealed ulcers Long term problem BB have not been shown to spread diseases Photo: Louis N. Sorkin, B.C.E. Entsult Associates, Inc.

24. Signs of Bed Bugs Photos: Louis N. Sorkin, B.C.E., Entsult Associates, Inc.

25. Photos: Louis N. Sorkin, B.C.E., Entsult Associates, Inc.

26. Where do they live? Hidden places – Cracks & crevices – 1/16” – Folds & edges Mattresses & Box springs – Near the bed – Baseboards & walls – Closets – clothes! – Radiator covers… Radiating out from the bed

27. Psychological reactions Tiny, blood-sucking parasites – In their bed – In their children’s bed! Sleep disturbance (Susser, et al 2012) Social distancing & Isolation Desperate measures Self-harm (CDC 2011) Photo: Dini Miller, Virginia Tech

28. Delusionary Infestation (DI) Delusionary parasitosis (DP) People who think they are being bitten – People who think they are infested – Seek to exterminate non-existent pest Medical condition; OTC, prescription or street drugs, dermatologic reactions… – Harm themselves – cutting, burns… Bed bugs don’t infest (live on or in) people – Only lice & scabies mites – nothing invisible! Webinar at StopPests.org (Lepping & Hinkle 2013; Hinkle 2000) Nancy C Hinkle

29. Don’t use aerosols or foggers! 29PA IPM Pesticides may only be applied by a licensed PMP Spray cans “Total Release Foggers” Doesn’t kill bed bugs Many bugs resistant to the fogger chemicals Does not penetrate well Creates toxic fog Leaves poison residues You soak it up!

30. “Snake Oil” Solutions “Natural” not necessarily safe or effective – Desire to be “green” – FIFRA sec. 25 (b) – EPA Exempt formulas – EPA enforcement for unproven claims Efficacy study, Rutgers, 2013 – 9 “Natural” products tested 2 - >95-100% - effective after 10 day 1 - 60% 5 - <50% 1 - 0% – 2 Professional Pesticides: Temprid SC - 100% - after 3 days Demand - ineffective (Singh, Wang & Cooper 2013)

31. What You Can Do Suggested Tactics For Libraries

32. Early Detection & Response Be a keen observer! Have a plan! Create bed bug literacy! Educate & train everyone Screen constantly Consider using interceptors Have a pest control contractor – Pest Management Professional (PMP)

33. Policy & Protocols Communications Incoming books & materials Patrons, including children BB in public areas BB in staff areas Staff with BB Other issues?

34. Communications To everyone: pathways – Patrons – Staff – Media Spokespeople – Resource site Messaging – KISS Photo: Changlu Wang, Rutgers

35. Incoming books & materials Smooth plastic collection tubs (w/ covers) Visual inspection of all materials – Book covers, DVD inserts… Quarantine suspect material – seal! Samples – in rubbing alcohol or clear tape Treat: freeze or heat Hold before reshelving – clean sealed tubs – 2 weeks to allow eggs to hatch – inspect for nymphs

36. Daily screening Patron seating Reading circle areas/mats; upholstered areas Rug & carpet edges Book carts Locker, cubbies, carrels Staff lockers High use areas – such as… ThermalStrike Heat Treatment Unit

37. Climb-Up Interceptors Photo: Changlu Wang, Rutgers Installed… After 2 weeks!…

38. Regular screening Circulation desk Shelves – when reshelving Public rooms Staff areas – break rooms Consider Scent-detecting Canines Consider lure traps at night Scout, NYC

39. Patrons with Bed Bugs Remember patron privacy! Patrons may not be refused service for BB – Chronic issue: suspend borrowing? Direct patron to resources Check areas when patron was Photo: Dini Miller, Virginia Tech

40. Bed Bugs in Public Areas Close area temporarily Remove materials to quarantine Do not move furniture – mark “Do not use” Inspect & clean hard surface furniture Have PMP inspect & treat upholstered furniture, carpet edges, etc. Nightwatch CO2 Monitor Verify Active Monitor

41. Bed Bugs in Staff areas Inspect Close areas if necessary Remove BB or call PMP Determine source?

42. Make offices unfriendly to bed bugs Keep clutter down (impedes detection/solutions) Caulk cracks, crevices & paint walls a light color Use plastic or metal client seating Keep a plastic bin on floor next to chair or client’s handbag, etc. Use bed bug barriers on feet of desks or cubicle walls (e.g. ClimbUp Interceptors) Report any concerns immediately to office IPM Coordinator!

43. Staff with Bed Bugs Respect privacy! Meet privately to discuss Info & any available assistance for treatment Minimize transfers to/from library Clothing protocol – Store clean clothing BB-free – Change in BB-free area or at work – Store clothes in sealed bag or bin – Store personal items in lidded bin Photos: Changlu Wang, Rutgers

44. Treatment options Vacuums –suck ‘em up! – Use interceptor on nozzle Freeze – chest freezer – -5°F for 5 days min. Heat – clothes dryer, Thermal Strike, etc. – Core temp over 120°F for at least 30 min. Steam – Commercial steamer – Low pressure, low vapor; slow! No pesticide use by staff – Only licensed Pest Management Professionals

45. Vigilance Prevention - set up bed bug prevention protocols and stick to them Train everybody for signs Train maintenance for detection & identification Respond immediately Have a Pest Management Professional on contract

46. Arizona Residents… (Gouge 2015; 289 respondents 3 month of 2014)

47. Pesticide Help Information: National Pesticide Information Center – http://npic.orst.edu/ http://npic.orst.edu/ – 1.800.858.7378 http://npic.orst.edu/webapps.html Emergency: Poison Control Centers: – 1.800.222.1222 – 24/7, nationwide, answered locally

48. The take home message.. It takes a village to control bed bugs! 48PA IPM

49. Resources PA IPM Program – www.extension.psu.edu/ipm www.extension.psu.edu/ipm US Environmental Protection Agency – www.epa.gov/bedbugs www.epa.gov/bedbugs IPM in Multifamily Housing – www.StopPests.org www.StopPests.org – http://www.stoppests.org/success-stories/research-database/ National Center for Healthy Housing – www.nchh.org/Training/National-Healthy-Homes-Training-Center.aspx Dini M. Miller, PhD, Virginia Tech – www.vdacs.virginia.gov/pesticides/bedbugs.shtml Changlu Wang, PhD, Rutgers University – njaes.rutgers.edu/pubs/publication.asp?pid=FS1098 Northeastern IPM Center – www.neipmc.org/ NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene – www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/vector/vector-faq1.shtml 49

50. Bed Bug Videos Bed Bug Awareness Video – Ontario Non-Profit Housing Association Bed Bugs and Integrated Pest Management – Rutgers University Bed Bug TV Episodes – Bed Bug Central TV – How to Inspect a Bed for Bed Bugs How to Inspect a Bed for Bed Bugs – Bed Bug Dry Ice Trap Bed Bug Dry Ice Trap National Bed Bug Summit Video Webinar Presentations – U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

51. Acknowledgements Sources & images only – any errors & misinterpretations are mine! Alexis Barbarin, NC State University Don Baumgartner, EPA Region 5 Jody Gangloff-Kaufmann, NYS Cooperative Extension Dini Miller, Virginia Tech Lou Sorkin, American Museum of Natural History Allie Taisey, StopPests.org Changlu Wang, Rutgers University Pest Control Professionals: Rhonda Griffin, Pest Free Maintenance Marty Overline, Aardvark Pest Management Phil & Rick Cooper, Cooper Pest Control/BedBugCentral.com & Jeff White, BedBugTV Dini Miller Changlu Wang Rhonda Griffin

52. Pennsylvania Integrated Pest Management Program Penn State University/Extension Dion Lerman, Healthy Homes Specialist Penn State Center 675 Sansom Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 215-264-0582 dlerman@psu.edu http://www.paipm.org PA IPM52