1. Chapter 25: The United States in World War II Common Finals Common Essay

2. The War in the Pacific 25.3 The Allies Stem the Japanese Tide – Japanese Advances: in the 6 months after Pearl Harbor. Japanese conquer an empire that dwarfed that of Hitler’s Third Reich. Dec. 1941, Douglas MacArthur commands forces on the Philippine Islands. – Doolittle’s Raid: Spring 1942 Lt. Col. James Doolittle led 16 bombers on a raid of Tokyo. – Battle of the Coral Sea: May 1942, 5 day battle, stopped invasion of Jap. To Australia. – The Battle of Midway: Jap stopped from taking island of Midway. Turning point of war for Allies, they can now island hop taking back islands from Japanese control.

3. The War in the Pacific 25.3 The Allies go on the offensive – The Japanese Defense Kamikaze or suicide-plane attacks. – Iwo Jima: Allies fight to take island, which would provide a supply place to attack Japan. They win. – The Battle of Okinawa: Last island needed to attack Japan. Taken June 21, 1945.

4. The War in the Pacific 25.3 The Atomic Bomb Ends the War – The Manhattan Project: Led by General Leslie Groves and research directed by scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer. 1 st bomb test July 16, 1945. July 25, 1945 Truman orders military to prepare for bombing of Japanese target cities. Next day he warns Japan to surrender or face “prompt and utter destruction.” – Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Aug. 6, B-29 Enola Gay released Little Boy on Hiroshima 3 days later, Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki. Sept 2, Japan Officially Surrenders.

5. The War in the Pacific 25.3 Rebuilding Begins – The Yalta Conference: Feb. 1945. Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin meet to toast the impending defeat of Germany and to discuss the fate of the German country. – The Nuremberg War Trials: Nazi leaders are put on trial for their crimes against humanity, crimes against peace, and war crimes. – The Occupation of Japan: MacArthur occupies Japan for 7 years reshaping and rebuilding the country and it’s economy.

6. The Home Front 25.4 Opportunity and Adjustment – Economic Gains: During War Effort... Unemployment fell, pay rose, farmers profited, women worked, etc. – Population shifts: war triggered one of the greatest mass migrations in world history. More than million came to California between 1941-44. – Social Adjustments: Families readjust to returning fathers. GI Bill of Rights – provided education and training for veterans, paid for by the fed. Gov. 7.8 million veterans attended college/tech schools under the bill.

7. The Home Front 25.4 Discrimination and Reaction – Civil Rights Protests: 1942 Civil right leader James Farmer founded an interracial organization called the Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE). Staged it’s first sit-in at a segregated Chicago restaurant. – Tension in Los Angeles: “Zoot-suit” riots began when 11 sailors claimed they were attacked by zoot-suit wearing Mex. Am. This was the clothes worn by Mex. Am. Youth as a sign of their rebellion against tradition. Internment (confinement) of Japanese Americans – Millions of Jap. Am. Confined during the war, their homes seized, land sold, etc. Out of fear they would side with Japan. Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) pushed gov. to compensate those sent to the camps for their lost property.