1. FASCIST AGGRESSION FASCIST AGGRESSION ROAD TO WORLD WAR II 1931-39

2. POLICY OF “APPEASEMENT” Attempting to please someone in order to avoid conflict Attempting to please someone in order to avoid conflict Britain and France did not take a firm stand against fascist aggression Britain and France did not take a firm stand against fascist aggression They made concessions to the Fascists in hopes of keeping peace They made concessions to the Fascists in hopes of keeping peace “The Spineless leaders of Democracy”

3. INVASION OF MANCHURIA Japan’s actions were the 1st to ignite WWII in 1931 when they invaded Manchuria Japan’s actions were the 1st to ignite WWII in 1931 when they invaded Manchuria Manchuria was a wealthy manufacturing/textile area in N. China Manchuria was a wealthy manufacturing/textile area in N. China Japanese forces swept into northern China in 1937 Japanese forces swept into northern China in 1937 –After almost destroying Shanghai, Japanese troops committed what was called "The Rape of Nanjing." A period of two months, the Japanese soldiers brutally murdered up to 250,000 Chinese civilians and raped up to 80,000 women and girls.

4. INVASION OF ETHIOPIA By Il Duce in October 1935 By Il Duce in October 1935 Effort to build a glorious Italian empire Effort to build a glorious Italian empire Revenge for Italy’s defeat in 1890s by the Ethiopians Revenge for Italy’s defeat in 1890s by the Ethiopians This time the Ethiopian army was no match against the Italian army This time the Ethiopian army was no match against the Italian army The League of Nations merely condemned the attack “Please Don’t do that” The League of Nations merely condemned the attack “Please Don’t do that” Britain and France hoped that appeasing Mussolini would help keep peace in Europe…will it? Britain and France hoped that appeasing Mussolini would help keep peace in Europe…will it?

5. INVASION OF THE RHINELAND March 7, 1936 March 7, 1936 It was the last chance to stop Hitler, but Britain and France followed the policy of appeasement It was the last chance to stop Hitler, but Britain and France followed the policy of appeasement –Appeasement- ‘giving into the bully’ It marked an important turning point: It marked an important turning point: –Strengthened Hitler’s power and prestige within Germany –Changed the balance of power in Germany’s favor –Encouraged Hitler to begin a program of military and territorial expansion.

6. ROME-BERLIN AXIS In October 1936 In October 1936 Alliance between Germany and Italy Alliance between Germany and Italy Expected their alliance to become the axis around which Europe would rotate Expected their alliance to become the axis around which Europe would rotate A month later, Germany also made an agreement with Japan A month later, Germany also made an agreement with Japan Germany+Italy+Japan= AXIS POWERS Germany+Italy+Japan= AXIS POWERS

7. SPANISH CIVIL WAR 1936-39 July 1936, General Francisco Franco led a revolt against the elected government July 1936, General Francisco Franco led a revolt against the elected government FRANCO was a FASCIST FRANCO was a FASCIST Hitler and Mussolini sent weapons and troops to help Franco in Spain. Hitler and Mussolini sent weapons and troops to help Franco in Spain. Hitler wanted to test out his troops and military tactics Hitler wanted to test out his troops and military tactics The Republican army fighting Franco received little help from abroad The Republican army fighting Franco received little help from abroad Early in 1939, the Republicans collapsed Early in 1939, the Republicans collapsed

8. ANNEXATION OF AUSTRIA The Fuhrer declared Germany needed more lebensraum “living Room” in order to grow The Fuhrer declared Germany needed more lebensraum “living Room” in order to grow March 1938: Anschluss, or “union,” between Austria and Germany March 1938: Anschluss, or “union,” between Austria and Germany Part of Hitler’s motivation for taking Austria was that he was born in Austria Part of Hitler’s motivation for taking Austria was that he was born in Austria Once again, France and Britain did nothing in response to Hitler’s move Once again, France and Britain did nothing in response to Hitler’s move

9. SUDETENLAND A mountainous region of western Czechoslovakia A mountainous region of western Czechoslovakia Hitler demanded this area, because it was inhabited by about 3 million German-speaking people Hitler demanded this area, because it was inhabited by about 3 million German-speaking people September 1938: Hitler suddenly demanded that Czechoslovakia give up the Sudetenland September 1938: Hitler suddenly demanded that Czechoslovakia give up the Sudetenland Hitler threatened to invade the Sudetenland by October 1 st Hitler threatened to invade the Sudetenland by October 1 st

10. MUNICH AGREEMENT “Peace in our Time” MUNICH AGREEMENT “Peace in our Time” September 29, 1938 September 29, 1938 Hitler(Germany), Chamberlain(Great Britain), Mussolini(Italy), Daladier(France) Hitler(Germany), Chamberlain(Great Britain), Mussolini(Italy), Daladier(France) Hitler promised that the Sudetenland was his last territorial claim Hitler promised that the Sudetenland was his last territorial claim In exchange, Hitler pledged to respect Czech new borders In exchange, Hitler pledged to respect Czech new borders Britain and France agreed to Hitler’s demand: POLICY OF APPEASEMENT Chamberlain- “There will be Peace in our Time” Britain and France agreed to Hitler’s demand: POLICY OF APPEASEMENT Chamberlain- “There will be Peace in our Time” 6 months later, Hitler’s troops marched into Czechoslovakia 6 months later, Hitler’s troops marched into Czechoslovakia

11. The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Non-aggression pact: a pledge not to attack each other Non-aggression pact: a pledge not to attack each other In August 1939 between Hitler and Stalin In August 1939 between Hitler and Stalin They privately agreed to divide Eastern Europe They privately agreed to divide Eastern Europe Hitler wanted to avoid a two-front war Hitler wanted to avoid a two-front war Stalin needed time to rebuild his Military Stalin needed time to rebuild his Military

12. INVASION OF POLAND On April 28, 1939, Hitler announced his plans to take back the Polish corridor On April 28, 1939, Hitler announced his plans to take back the Polish corridor On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, sending in dive- bombers, tanks, and troops On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, sending in dive- bombers, tanks, and troops Blitzkrieg: “lightning war,” or sudden, massive attack Blitzkrieg: “lightning war,” or sudden, massive attack On September 3 rd, Britain and France declared war on Germany and began mobilizing for war. WWII officially started. On September 3 rd, Britain and France declared war on Germany and began mobilizing for war. WWII officially started. By the end of September 1939, Poland was conquered By the end of September 1939, Poland was conquered

13. EXC Review Attempting to please someone to avoid conflict is called? Attempting to please someone to avoid conflict is called? Appeasement Appeasement First act of aggression First act of aggression Invasion of Manchuria Invasion of Manchuria Name the countries that make up the Axis Powers Name the countries that make up the Axis Powers Germany+Italy+Japan Germany+Italy+Japan Famous quote at the Munich Conference Famous quote at the Munich Conference “There will be peace in our time” “There will be peace in our time” Reason Hitler signed a treaty with Stalin Reason Hitler signed a treaty with Stalin To Avoid a Two front war To Avoid a Two front war Translate the word “Blitzkrieg” Translate the word “Blitzkrieg” Lightning War Lightning War