1. Volumize3d Volumize3d Training Lesson 10 – Slicing Printing

2. Volumize3d FDM Extrusion Extruder heats filament 0.2mm 0.6mm 3 mm filament Hot End (230 degrees) Cross Section of laid track Filament is forced into hot end by pinch wheels

3. Volumize3d Slicing and Printing A part is preprocessed from a manifold body into a sequence of commands for the printer to print it layer by layer Slicing is a pipeline of several stages: – Slice horizontally to polygons – Create tracks within each polygon – Produce GCode commands

4. Volumize3d Gcode / Machine A “machine” holds settings that describe a printer’s capability. – Layer height – Speed – Temperatures A target machine is used at slice time. The GCode produced will only be valid for that printer.

5. Volumize3d Machine

6. Volumize3d Tray Is a virtual platform to place objects on to be sliced.

7. Volumize3d Tray Origin is lower left corner Size defined by “machine” dimensions Add objects, move, rotate.

8. Volumize3d Inspect Properties Set perimeters, infill, etc in inspector

9. Volumize3d Slice Preview Start Processing Preview Layers

10. Volumize3d Tracks: Perimeter and Infill Perimeter walls are solid Infill has air gaps to reduce the amount of material used. Two Perimeters Infill: 40% Angle: 45deg Tracks joined as much as possible for speed

11. Volumize3d Overhang Perimeters laid down then infill Perimeters inside to out give adhesion for overhang 151413 11109 765 3 2 1 16 (infill) 12 (infill) 8 (infill) 4 (infill) Adhesion Surface Slight Overhang OK Extrusion Cross Section

12. Volumize3d Bottom Up Ensure there is a layer to deposit on Slight overhang Decreasing Size Slight overhang Small Bridge (filament stretched across gap) Long Bridge (too far) Unsupported

13. Volumize3d Print Bed Adhesion Brim – around bottom layer for adhesion to print bed The first layer may be squashed more and printed slower for increased adhesion Skirt – to get filament flowing (set in tray)

14. Volumize3d Gcode output /print/ /gcode/.gcode M190 S105.0 ; Set bed and wait G28 ; Home all M109 S230.0 ; Set temperature and wait G21 ; Use millimeters G90 ; Absolute positioning G92 E0 ; Reset extruded M82 ; Absolute extrusion ; -------------------------------------------------- ; Layer 1 0.000mm to 0.200mm Filament Used: 5.195mm ; -------------------------------------------------- G1 Z0.200 F120.0 G92 E0 ; Reset extruded G1 F6000.0 G1 X73.57 Y89.10 G1 F900.0 G1 E1.5000 G1 X73.57 Y89.10 E1.5000 G1 X73.57 Y97.30 E1.6392 G1 X77.77 Y97.30 E1.7106 Heat up bed Heat up extruder Movement

15. Volumize3d Print Generally the steps a are Connect to printer Run GCode – Preheat – Home (& level) – Print layers – Cool down (part pops off)

16. Volumize3d Heat For the part to remain still during printing, the bed will be heated to around 100 degrees during printing A brim around a part helps adhesion The nozzle extruding the material will be heated to over 200 degrees to melt the material The bed might also be painted with a solution of acetone/ABS to help with adhesion Warning: ABS fumes are toxic

17. Volumize3d Cooling After the last layer is printed the head will home to X,Y=0 (not Z) The heating of the nozzle and bed will be turned off. The bed (glass) and part will cool down and shrink a tiny amount. Since they will shrink slightly different amounts the part's size relative to the bed will be different with the result that the part pops off the bed. This will take about 10 minutes. Be patient. Attempting to remove the part by force will just break the part or the glass.

18. Volumize3d Changing Filament Connect to the printer. Issue GCode commands to heat the nozzle. At 230 degrees (melted) pull out the filament. Push new filament in until it goes no further Wind the extrusion gears slowly by hand to extrude material until it changes color Turn off heat and disconnect Remove extruded material from nozzle

19. Volumize3d Excercises Make a new machine with the following settings (or consult the teacher for settings that suit your lab 3d printer) – Layer height 0.2mm Print parts as per curriculum.