1. SSWM – Linking up sustainable sanitation & water management 1 Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Katharina Conradin & Michael Kropac, seecon international gmbh

2. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.ssswm.info.www.ssswm.info Copy it, adapt it, use it – but acknowledge the source! Copyright Included in the SSWM Toolbox are materials from various organisations and sources. Those materials are open source. Following the open- source concept for capacity building and non-profit use, copying and adapting is allowed provided proper acknowledgement of the source is made (see below). The publication of these materials in the SSWM Toolbox does not alter any existing copyrights. Material published in the SSWM Toolbox for the first time follows the same open-source concept, with all rights remaining with the original authors or producing organisations. To view an official copy of the the Creative Commons Attribution Works 3.0 Unported License we build upon, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0. This agreement officially states that: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 You are free to: Share - to copy, distribute and transmit this document Remix - to adapt this document. We would appreciate receiving a copy of any changes that you have made to improve this document. Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must always give the original authors or publishing agencies credit for the document or picture you are using. Disclaimer The contents of the SSWM Toolbox reflect the opinions of the respective authors and not necessarily the official opinion of the funding or supporting partner organisations. Depending on the initial situations and respective local circumstances, there is no guarantee that single measures described in the toolbox will make the local water and sanitation system more sustainable. The main aim of the SSWM Toolbox is to be a reference tool to provide ideas for improving the local water and sanitation situation in a sustainable manner. Results depend largely on the respective situation and the implementation and combination of the measures described. An in-depth analysis of respective advantages and disadvantages and the suitability of the measure is necessary in every single case. We do not assume any responsibility for and make no warranty with respect to the results that may be obtained from the use of the information provided. Copyright & Disclaimer

3. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 2. 5 billion people without improved sanitation. TODAY. Source: M. Kropac Source: WHO-UNICEF 2012

4. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 783 million people without access to clean water. TODAY. Source: J. Heeb Source: WHO-UNICEF 2012

5. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. http://www.kodak.com/US/images/en/corp/1000words/pennyl/DroughtPaddock.jpg Lack of water. TODAY. Source: REUTERS

6. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. http://www.kodak.com/US/images/en/corp/1000words/pennyl/DroughtPaddock.jpg Poor yields. TODAY. Source: http://crs-blog.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/afg2008018673.jpg

7. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Source: http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/sickwater/ Water wasted. TODAY.

8. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. What is the situation in South Asia?

9. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. And what about tomorrow?

10. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. WOULD YOU CALL IT COMON SENSE? To mix each day 2 million tons of highly polluted water with the 1000-fold amount of clean water, every day? Source: http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/sickwater/

11. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. WOULD YOU CALL IT COMON SENSE? To spend billions of dollars to clean this water up again? Source: www.es-makler.de

12. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. WOULD YOU CALL IT COMON SENSE? To discharge this water, when it would be dearly needed in agriculture? Source: http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/sickwater/

13. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. NO, IT IS NOT COMMON SENSE!

14. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. *Based on an average for a toilet that uses about 8 L of Water per flush (11). With conventional waterborne flush-toilets, we mix roughly 50 kg of faecal matter (per person/year) roughly 500 l of urine (per person/year) with roughly 20’000l of clean flushwater* 50 kg 500 L 20’000 L If this wastewater is discharged untreated into rivers, an even higher amount of water is polluted! http://thomasmayerarchive.de Unsustainable current approaches: Mixing what shouldn’t be mixed.. What is going wrong?

15. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Unsustainable current approaches: Mixing different types of wastewaters… What is going wrong? What happens at the end of the pipe?

16. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 16 Wastewater treatment plant Sewer lines P. Jenssen Initial investment costs for centralised sewage collection system make up for the largest part, i.e. 70 to 90% of the total cost of sewage treatment.  Collection system 70 - 90 %  Treatment 10 - 30 % (Otis 1996, Mork et al.2000) Consider lifespan of pipe network! What is going wrong? Unsustainable current approaches: Centralisation costs a fortune…

17. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Unsustainable current approaches: Example High-Tech Wastewater Treatment Plants What is going wrong? Which will need: Long sewer network & pumps to get the wastewater to the plant Electricity for aeration, pumps and other moving parts Skilled (and thus expensive) operation & maintenance staff High cost Recycling difficult due to contamination of heavy metals, etc..  Who will pay for this?

18. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 18 LET’S DO IT BETTER!

19. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Let’s try to link water, sanitation and agriculture and look at it as one issue! Water Sanitation Agricultur e

20. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Let’s recycle nutrients and water! Source: MORGAN 2007 Source: SHEWA & GELETA 2009

21. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Policy making on high levels is important, but…. Source: http://mattkava.com

22. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info...let’s start with work in the meanwhile where WE have the power to do something… Source: M. KROPAC 2008 …on a local level!

23. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info...let’s involve the people in the decision making process… Source: M. KROPAC 2004

24. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info....and implementation, operation and maintenance! Source: M. KROPAC 2008

25. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 25 Source: http://www.wsp.org …let’s not only focus on hardware solutions, but also on software!

26. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Let’s focus on a holistic approach  Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management! Source: http://www.sswm.info

27. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management (SSWM)… … is a holistic approach. … links sustainable sanitation with water management and agriculture. … considers the water and the nutrient cycle together.

28. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management (SSWM)… … starts simple, and locally. … is not a specific technology, but about all measures that aim at making sanitation and water management sustainable. … gives equal importance to hardware and software. Source: PHADKE 2009

29. Why Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management? Find this presentation and more on: www.sswm.info. 29 References 29 PHADKE, P. (2009): Poo. Pune: Aman Setu Publications. WHO-UNICEF (2012): Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water. 2012 Update. Geneva: WHO Press. WHO-UNICEF (2010): Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water. 2010 Update. Geneva: WHO Press. MORGAN P. (2007): Toilets that Make Compost. Low-cost Sanitary Toilets that produce valuable Compost in an African context. Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institut (SEI), EcoSanRes Programm. Available at: http://www.ecosanres.org/toilets_that_make_compost.htm [Accessed: 11.08.2010] http://www.ecosanres.org/toilets_that_make_compost.htm SHEWA, W.A., GELETA, B.G. (2009): Greywater tower, Arba Minch, Ethiopia - Draft. (=SuSanA - Case Studies). Eschborn: Susatinable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA) Available at: http://www.susana.org/lang-en/case-studies [Accessed: 26.09.2010]http://www.susana.org/lang-en/case-studies

30. SSWM – Linking up sustainable sanitation & water management 30 “Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture” SSWM is an initiative supported by: Created by: