3. Indo-European Migrations: 4m- 2m BCE

4. The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

5. Sumerians

6. Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing

7. Cuneiform Writing

8. Deciphering Cuneiform

9. Gilgamesh

10. Gilgamesh Epic Tablet: Flood Story

11. Ziggurat at Ur  Temple  “Mountain of the Gods”  Temple  “Mountain of the Gods”

12. Mesopotamian Harp

13. Board Game From Ur

14. Sargon of Akkad: The World’s First Empire [Akkadians]

15. The Babylonian Empires

16. Hammurabi’s [r. 1792-1750 B. C. E.] Code

17. Hammurabi, the Judge

18. Babylonian Math

19. Babylonian Numbers

21. A View of Egypt by Satellite

22. The Fertile Nile Valley

23. The Annual Flooding of the Nile

24. Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf

25. Ancient Egyptian History PeriodsTime Frame Nile Culture Begins3900 B. C. E. Archaic3100 – 2650 B. C. E. Old Kingdom2650 – 2134 B. C. E. Middle Kingdom2040 – 1640 B. C. E. New Kingdom1550 – 1070 B. C. E. Late Period750 – 332 B. C. E. Greek Ptolemaic Era 332 – 30 B. C. E. Roman Period30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

26. Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt c. 3050 B. C. E. ?

27. Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes

28. Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life

29. An Egyptian Woman’s “Must- Haves” Perfume Whigs Mirror

30. Egyptian Social Hierarchy

31. Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Thutmose III 1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Tutankham on 1336-1327 B. C. E.

32. Papyrus  Paper Papyrus Plant Hieratic Scroll Piece

33. Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship 110100100010,000100,0001,000,000 What number is this?

34. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus

35. Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron 2. Sawdust 7. Onion 3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud 4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads 5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

36. Preparation for the Afterlife

37. Egyptian Mummies Seti I 1291-1278 B. C. E. Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II 1210-1200 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E.

38. Egyptian Book of the Dead

39. Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

40. “Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

41. Giza Pyramid Complex

42. The Valley of the Kings

43. The Valley of the Queens Temple of Queen Hatshepsut 1473-1458 B. C. E.

45. Abraham’s Geneaology ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR Isaac Esau Jacob 12 Tribes of Israel Ishmael 12 Arabian Tribes

46. Abraham’s Journey from Ur Canaan  The “Promised Land”

47. Abraham’s Journeys

48. Yahweh’s “Covenant” With His People The Torah  The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.  The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.  The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.  The most sacred text in the Jewish religious tradition.

49. Ancient Palestine

50. Land of Goshen, Egypt

51. Moses “Prince of Egypt” “Shepherd of His People”

52. The Exodus

53. Route of the Exodus

54. Moses and the 10 Commandmets A new “covenant” with Yahweh

55. Mount Sinai

56. St. Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai

57. King David’s Empire

58. Solomon’s Kingdom Solomon’s Kingdom

59. Recreation of Ancient Jerusalem

60. King Solomon’s Temple Floor Plan The First Temple

61. Inside the Temple Tabernacle The Arc of the Covenant

62. The Temple Mount, Jerusalem Today Solomon’s Temple Wall: The “Wailing” Wall

63. Kingdoms of Judah & Israel Kingdoms of Judah & Israel

64. Israelites in Captivity

65. Jerusalem: Reading the Torah

66. Herod the Great’s Kingdom

68. Roman Palestine

69. The Beginnings of Christianity in Bethlehem

70. Jesus’ Mission Agony in the Garden Crucifixion Baptism

71. The Resurrection: The Church Triumphant

72. St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

73. The Spread of Christianity

75. The Jewish Revolt (66-70 C. E.)

76. Masada: Never Again! Roman Encampment

77. The Essene Community at Qumran

78. The Essene Ruins at Qumran

79. The Essene Community at Qumran

80. Isaiah Scroll

81. Dead Sea Scrolls Museum Israel

82. The Jewish Diaspora